Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which principle of the Belmont Report requires that subjects are fully informed before participating in research?
Which principle of the Belmont Report requires that subjects are fully informed before participating in research?
- Respect for persons (correct)
- Non-maleficence
- Justice
- Beneficence
Which principle is violated if a researcher selects a subject population based solely on convenience?
Which principle is violated if a researcher selects a subject population based solely on convenience?
- Justice (correct)
- Beneficence
- Respect for persons
- Informed consent
What is a potential issue if a study is conducted exclusively at one school with a homogeneous population?
What is a potential issue if a study is conducted exclusively at one school with a homogeneous population?
- Beneficence
- Justice (correct)
- Informed consent
- Voluntariness
In the context of research ethics, what does the principle of beneficence primarily focus on?
In the context of research ethics, what does the principle of beneficence primarily focus on?
What ethical principle does Humphreys' behavior in the Tearoom Trade study exemplify a violation of?
What ethical principle does Humphreys' behavior in the Tearoom Trade study exemplify a violation of?
Why is it important for research subjects to understand that participation is voluntary?
Why is it important for research subjects to understand that participation is voluntary?
Which principle ensures that research subjects are not subjected to undue harm?
Which principle ensures that research subjects are not subjected to undue harm?
What issue might arise from a study that does not include students from less affluent backgrounds?
What issue might arise from a study that does not include students from less affluent backgrounds?
Which principle of the Belmont Report emphasizes the equitable distribution of research benefits and burdens?
Which principle of the Belmont Report emphasizes the equitable distribution of research benefits and burdens?
What does the principle of beneficence in the Belmont Report primarily require?
What does the principle of beneficence in the Belmont Report primarily require?
Which statement best describes a violation of the principle of justice in the Belmont Report?
Which statement best describes a violation of the principle of justice in the Belmont Report?
Which of the following principles does NOT directly address the risk-benefit ratio of research?
Which of the following principles does NOT directly address the risk-benefit ratio of research?
In the Belmont Report, what does the principle of respect for persons require from research subjects?
In the Belmont Report, what does the principle of respect for persons require from research subjects?
Which principle is primarily concerned with ensuring that research participants understand the study they are involved in?
Which principle is primarily concerned with ensuring that research participants understand the study they are involved in?
A study that disproportionately uses disadvantaged populations for risky research without providing them equal benefits would violate which Belmont principle?
A study that disproportionately uses disadvantaged populations for risky research without providing them equal benefits would violate which Belmont principle?
What is the main aim of the Belmont Report's principle of justice regarding research subjects?
What is the main aim of the Belmont Report's principle of justice regarding research subjects?
Flashcards
Justice in Research
Justice in Research
The principle of justice ensures that the distribution of benefits and burdens of research is fair and equitable among participants.
Beneficence in Research
Beneficence in Research
This principle requires minimizing potential harms and maximizing potential benefits for research participants.
Respect for Persons in Research
Respect for Persons in Research
This principle emphasizes the autonomy and informed consent of research participants, ensuring they understand the risks, benefits, and procedures involved.
Historical Example of Justice Violation
Historical Example of Justice Violation
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Beneficence and Risk-Benefit Assessment
Beneficence and Risk-Benefit Assessment
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Informed Consent and Respect
Informed Consent and Respect
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Balancing Benefits and Risks
Balancing Benefits and Risks
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Fair Subject Selection
Fair Subject Selection
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Respect for Persons
Respect for Persons
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Researcher Bias
Researcher Bias
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Minimizing Risk in Research
Minimizing Risk in Research
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Humphreys' Tearoom Trade Study
Humphreys' Tearoom Trade Study
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Subject Population Convenience
Subject Population Convenience
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Informed Consent
Informed Consent
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Study Notes
Belmont Report Principles
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Justice: Ensures equitable distribution of research benefits and burdens. Avoids selecting subject populations based on convenience; important for fair subject selection. Example: Unequal distribution of medical treatment benefits to private vs. ward patients during 19th/early 20th centuries.
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Beneficence: Prioritizes minimizing risks and maximizing potential benefits to research participants. Risks should be reasonable in relation to expected benefits (and associated knowledge). This principle is relevant for both low-risk and high-risk research.
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Respect for Persons: Safeguards voluntary participation and informed consent. Subjects must freely choose to participate and understand the study details before consenting. Example: Deception in the Tearoom Trade study, where researchers misrepresented their role, violating this principle.
Application of Principles (Example Scenarios)
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Scenario 1 (School-Based Tutoring): Testing a new tutoring program at one school the researcher's children attend violates the principle of justice (convenience sampling). Evaluating the program across numerous diverse schools distributes the benefits and burdens more fairly. Potential for eliminating underprivileged students lack of resources (internet access, devices) could further violate justice principle.
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Scenario 2 (General): Researchers must consider potential harm vs anticipated benefit to participants, and ensure no undue burden upon vulnerable populations to ensure that their participation does not undermine the Belmont principles of Justice and Respect for Persons.
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