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Questions and Answers
What does reliability refer to in terms of assessment?
What is validity in the context of assessment?
What is the process of standardization in assessment?
Why is it important not to diagnose a psychological disorder if there is evidence of a medical condition?
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In behavioral assessment, what is the significance of observable signs?
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How does the DSM and ICD guide the diagnostic process?
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What is the first step in making a diagnosis?
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What is the purpose of ranking patient's problems from most to least important?
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Why is it essential to take a full history of the presenting condition and other relevant facts?
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When should a medical examination be conducted in the diagnostic process?
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Study Notes
Behavioural Assessment
- Uses direct observation to assess an individual's thoughts, feelings, and behaviours in a specific context.
- Suitable for individuals who are not old enough or unable to report their problems.
- Can be conducted in various settings, such as the patient's workplace or home, or through role-play simulations in a clinical setting.
- Focuses on the behaviour being observed, including what happened before the behaviour, the behaviour itself, and its consequences.
- Self-monitoring technique allows individuals to observe their own behaviour.
- Awareness of being observed can distort observational data.
Core Ethical Values and Standards
- Respect for persons: respect patients' worth, dignity, and sense of value.
- Best interests or well-being (non-maleficence): avoid harming patients or acting against their best interests.
- Best interests or well-being (beneficence): act in the best interest of patients even when their interests conflict with one's own.
Mental Status Examination (MSE)
- A systematic and structured observation of a patient's behaviour.
- Typically performed quickly by an experienced interviewer.
- Encompasses five categories: appearance and behaviour, thought processes, mood and affect, intellectual functioning, and sensorium.
- Observes patient's physical behaviours, dress, posture, appearance, and facial expression.
- Assesses thought processes through conversation, including rate and flow of speech, and continuity of speech.
- Evaluates mood and affect, including whether the patient's affect is appropriate or inappropriate.
- Examines intellectual functioning, including ability to talk in abstractions, understand metaphors, and memory.
- Assesses sensorium, including patient's general awareness of their surroundings, knowledge of date and time, and identity.
Introduction to Assessment and Psycho-Diagnostic
- Reliability: degree to which a measurement is consistent and stable over time.
- Validity: degree to which a tool or technique assesses what it is supposed to assess.
- Standardisation: process of determining specific norms and requirements for an assessment technique.
Diagnostic Process
- The first step is to ask the patient what is wrong to establish the presenting problem.
- Rank multiple problems in order of importance and address them accordingly.
- Take a full history of the presenting condition and other relevant facts.
- Focus on both the content of the patient's history and observable signs during the interview.
- Rule out medical conditions that could explain the problem before making a diagnosis.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the process of using direct observation to assess an individual's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in a specific context. Learn about how clinicians conduct assessments with individuals who may not be able to report their problems verbally.