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Questions and Answers
What principle suggests that responses followed by satisfaction are more likely to recur?
What principle suggests that responses followed by satisfaction are more likely to recur?
Which of the following best describes the Law of Exercise?
Which of the following best describes the Law of Exercise?
What is indicated by the Law of Readiness in learning?
What is indicated by the Law of Readiness in learning?
According to Skinner's Operant Conditioning, language acquisition is influenced by which method?
According to Skinner's Operant Conditioning, language acquisition is influenced by which method?
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What does the principle of Imitation in language acquisition emphasize?
What does the principle of Imitation in language acquisition emphasize?
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Which of the following best explains the role of praise in the Law of Effect?
Which of the following best explains the role of praise in the Law of Effect?
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What is a potential outcome of long disuse of learned behavior, according to the Law of Exercise?
What is a potential outcome of long disuse of learned behavior, according to the Law of Exercise?
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In the context of Skinner's theories, which aspect is crucial for successful language learning?
In the context of Skinner's theories, which aspect is crucial for successful language learning?
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What is the role of positive reinforcement in children's language development?
What is the role of positive reinforcement in children's language development?
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How does the imitation theory explain language development in children?
How does the imitation theory explain language development in children?
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What are the three basic parts of the audio-lingual teaching method?
What are the three basic parts of the audio-lingual teaching method?
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What is a common misconception about children in the context of language learning?
What is a common misconception about children in the context of language learning?
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Which statement best describes Jean Piaget's perspective on language acquisition?
Which statement best describes Jean Piaget's perspective on language acquisition?
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What developmental stage is associated with children aged 0-18 months according to Piaget?
What developmental stage is associated with children aged 0-18 months according to Piaget?
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What limitation does imitation theory have in explaining language development?
What limitation does imitation theory have in explaining language development?
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What type of reinforcement is applied when a child's incorrect utterances are discontinued?
What type of reinforcement is applied when a child's incorrect utterances are discontinued?
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Study Notes
Behaviorist Perspective
- The first perspective that explored learning and language acquisition.
- Believes that language can be taught through repetition, imitation, and reinforcement.
- Key figures: B.F. Skinner and Edward Thorndike.
B.F. Skinner's Operant Conditioning Theory Influenced By Edward Thorndike
- Based on Edward Thorndike's Connectionism Theory (Theory of Effect), which outlined three laws of education:
- Law of Effect: Responses followed by satisfaction become more likely to reoccur.
- Law of Exercise: Frequent connections between stimulus and response strengthen behavior.
- Law of Readiness: Individuals learn best when they are motivated and prepared.
Skinner's Theory of Imitation & Reinforcement
- Children learn language by associating words with meanings through reinforcement (positive or negative).
- Imitation: Children copy utterances heard around them and are reinforced for accuracy through repetitions, corrections, and adult reactions.
- Positive reinforcement strengthens accurate utterances, while negative reinforcement discourages incorrect ones.
- Punishments help children stop unwanted behaviors.
Military Method (Audio-Lingual Teaching Method)
- Influenced by the behaviorist perspective, this teaching method emphasizes repetition and practice.
- It has three basic parts:
- Presentation
- Practice
- Application
Limitations of the Behaviorist Perspective
- While it highlights external factors influencing language development, it cannot explain why children make innovations and changes to their utterances despite controlled exposure to language.
Constructivist Perspective
- Emphasizes how children actively acquire and construct meaning from their environment.
- Key figures: Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky.
- Contrasts with the behaviorist view of children as empty vessels (tabula rasa).
Jean Piaget's Cognitive Constructivism
- Argues that children are active learners who construct meaning.
- Children interact with their environment through four developmental stages:
- Sensorimotor (0-18 months): Knowledge is acquired through sensory perception and motor activity. Schemes involve action rather than symbols.
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Description
Explore the behaviorist perspective that revolutionized our understanding of learning and language acquisition. This quiz covers key theories by B.F. Skinner and Edward Thorndike, including operant conditioning and imitation. Test your knowledge on the principles of reinforcement and the laws of education that influence how we learn language.
