Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of B.F. Skinner's behavioral theory?
What is the primary focus of B.F. Skinner's behavioral theory?
- The mental processes involved in learning
- The internal motivations of individuals
- The consequences and causes of actions (correct)
- The genetic influences on behavior
What term did B.F. Skinner coin to describe changing behavior through reinforcement?
What term did B.F. Skinner coin to describe changing behavior through reinforcement?
- Behavior modification
- Operant conditioning (correct)
- Reinforcement learning
- Conditioning theory
In operant conditioning, what distinguishes a reinforcer from a punisher?
In operant conditioning, what distinguishes a reinforcer from a punisher?
- Reinforcers increase the probability of behavior, whereas punishers decrease it (correct)
- Reinforcers are always positive, while punishers are negative
- Reinforcers decrease behavior likelihood while punishers increase it
- Reinforcers can only be tangible rewards, while punishers are intangible
How does positive reinforcement strengthen behavior?
How does positive reinforcement strengthen behavior?
Which scenario exemplifies negative reinforcement?
Which scenario exemplifies negative reinforcement?
What role does the Skinner Box play in Skinner's experiments?
What role does the Skinner Box play in Skinner's experiments?
In Skinner's example, when a rat presses a lever and receives food, which type of reinforcement is this?
In Skinner's example, when a rat presses a lever and receives food, which type of reinforcement is this?
What is considered a punisher in the context of behaviorism?
What is considered a punisher in the context of behaviorism?
What behavior did the rats learn to avoid the electric current?
What behavior did the rats learn to avoid the electric current?
What is the primary focus of behavior modification therapy in educational psychology?
What is the primary focus of behavior modification therapy in educational psychology?
Which of the following represents a shift in behavior management strategies used by parents?
Which of the following represents a shift in behavior management strategies used by parents?
How can behavior modification help in shaping skill performance?
How can behavior modification help in shaping skill performance?
What technique did Skinner use to teach the rats an advanced behavior?
What technique did Skinner use to teach the rats an advanced behavior?
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Study Notes
Behavioral Theory
- B.F. Skinner developed the theory of operant conditioning, believing behavior is best understood by examining its causes and consequences.
- Operant conditioning is the process of modifying behavior through reinforcement given after the desired response.
- Reinforcers increase the likelihood of a behavior being repeated.
- Punishers decrease the likelihood of a behavior being repeated.
- Positive Reinforcement strengthens a behavior by providing a rewarding consequence.
- Example: A teacher giving £5 for completed homework encourages future homework completion.
- Negative Reinforcement strengthens a behavior by removing an unpleasant stimulus.
- Example: A rat pressing a lever to stop an electric current in a Skinner box.
- Behavior Modification Therapy involves changing the consequences of actions or applying new consequences to guide behavior.
- Often used in clinical, educational psychology, and classroom management.
- Positive Reinforcement is increasingly used in parent, school, and childhood authority settings to encourage good behavior.
- Examples include compliments, approval, encouragement, and affirmation.
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