Behavioral Psychology: Punishment and Exposure Therapies

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Questions and Answers

What is psychotherapy?

Treatment of biological problems through psychological techniques

Treatment of psychological problems through psychological techniques (correct)

Treatment of psychological problems through biological techniques

Treatment of biological problems through biological techniques

What is the placebo effect?

A negative reaction to a treatment

A specific improvement due to medication

A nonspecific improvement as a result of a person’s expectations of change (correct)

A temporary worsening of symptoms

According to Hans Eysenck (1952), what did he claim about psychotherapy?

It produced no greater change in maladjustment than natural life experiences (correct)

It was less effective than natural life experiences

It was more effective than natural life experiences

It had no impact on maladjustment

What approach do many therapists take regarding psychotherapy?

An eclectic approach – integrating diverse theories and techniques Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of group therapy?

To allow a therapist to see more clients Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of family therapy?

Treating two or more people committed to each other's well-being together Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of biologically based therapies?

Involving medication, hospitalization, and physicians Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of anti-anxiety drugs?

To reduce feelings of stress Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of anti-depressant drugs?

Altering levels of brain chemicals Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of mood stabilizing drugs?

To treat bipolar disorder Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary uses of antipsychotic drugs?

Treating psychosis (schizophrenia) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of psychosurgery?

Brain surgery for severe OCD, depression, and bipolar disorders Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)?

Producing a generalized seizure (convulsion) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of deinstitutionalization in mental health treatment?

Transitioning from inpatient facilities to outpatient or community-based facilities Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of alternative therapies mentioned in the text?

Limited evidence for their effectiveness and lack of systematic research Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental assumption of psychodynamic therapy?

The causes of maladjustment are unresolved unconscious conflicts Signup and view all the answers

What is a key focus of humanistic therapy?

The therapeutic relationship and the conditions that foster effective therapy Signup and view all the answers

What is a critique of psychodynamic therapy mentioned in the text?

It is considered unscientific, expensive, and not effective for psychotic disorders Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential concept in behavior therapy?

Extinction, involving the gradual disappearance of a learned response Signup and view all the answers

Which therapy involves short-term treatment plans and operational diagnoses?

Brief therapy Signup and view all the answers

What does behavior therapy focus on changing?

Specific behaviors and responses Signup and view all the answers

Which type of punishment involves the presentation of an aversive stimulus?

Positive punishment Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of exposure therapies like systematic desensitization?

Teaching new adaptive responses to stimuli Signup and view all the answers

What is the key principle behind systematic desensitization?

Reciprocal inhibition Signup and view all the answers

Which therapy has been shown to be very effective for anxiety disorders such as phobias, OCD, and PTSD?

Exposure with response prevention therapies like flooding Signup and view all the answers

In aversive conditioning, what is paired with a stimulus that elicits an undesirable behavior?

Noxious stimulus Signup and view all the answers

What did Albert Ellis emphasize in Rational Emotive Therapy?

The importance of logical, rational thought processes Signup and view all the answers

What did Aaron Beck propose about depression in his approach?

It is caused by people's distorted thoughts about reality. Signup and view all the answers

What do the third wave CBT therapies focus on?

Acceptance Signup and view all the answers

What has scientific evaluation shown about the effectiveness of CBT compared to psychodynamic and humanistic therapies?

It is more effective Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

 Good therapists possess qualities such as communication skills, empathy, respect, and maturity to help clients cope with troubles  Culture and gender play significant roles in therapy, requiring therapists to respect multiculturalism and acknowledge cultural influences  Brief therapy involves short-term treatment plans and operational diagnoses to address the reasons for a client's presentation  Psychodynamic therapy, inspired by Freud's theories, aims to uncover unconscious conflicts through techniques like free association and dream analysis  Humanistic therapy emphasizes the development of human potential and belief in the positive nature of humans �emme Client-Centered Therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, helps people evaluate the world and themselves from their own perspective  Behaviour therapy focuses on changing overt behaviour through learning principles and techniques like operant conditioning and token economies.

Specifically, psychodynamic therapy relies on the two fundamental assumptions:

becoming aware of one's motivation helps one change
the causes of maladjustment are unresolved unconscious conflicts.

In contrast, humanistic therapy focuses on the therapeutic relationship and the conditions that foster effective therapy, such as unconditional positive regard, congruence, and empathic listening.

Brief therapy, as an alternative approach, focuses on establishing a contract with the client to achieve specific goals within a short period.

The text also includes critiques of psychodynamic therapy, which is considered unscientific, expensive, and not effective for psychotic disorders. However, it is mentioned that brief psychodynamic therapy is still more effective than no treatment.

Lastly, behaviour therapy is described as a quick and effective approach to treating problem behaviour through the use of learning principles and techniques like operant conditioning and token economies. Extinction and punishment are essential concepts in behaviour therapy, which involve the gradual disappearance of a learned response and the application of a consequence that decreases the likelihood of a behaviour recurring, respectively.

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Description

Test your knowledge on punishment techniques and exposure therapies used in behavioral psychology. Learn about positive and negative punishment, time out, and exposure therapies for counterconditioning.