Behavioral Principles Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is stimulus control?

Occurs when an individual behaves the same in the presence and absence of a stimulus.

Occurs when an individual behaves differently in the presence of a stimulus. (correct)

A generic response to any stimulus.

None of the above.

What causes behavior according to the definition provided?

An antecedent or prior experience with consequences.

Consequences occur before a behavior.

False

What are antecedents responsible for?

Stimulus control. Signup and view all the answers

What is a discriminative stimulus (SD)?

A stimulus that provokes a specific behavior. Signup and view all the answers

How are connections made between SDs and reinforcers?

Immediate reinforcement after the behavior the SD is provoking is displayed. Signup and view all the answers

Give an example of a naturally occurring SD.

Stopping a car when seeing a stop sign. Signup and view all the answers

What is one example of planned SDs?

Chore charts on a refrigerator. Signup and view all the answers

What are motivation operations (MOs)?

They alter the value of a reinforcer or punisher. Signup and view all the answers

In the example about Sal, what is the identified MO when he ran a 5k race?

Running a 5k in hot weather. Signup and view all the answers

What is the identified MO when Mary watched 3 hours of TV?

Watching TV for 3 hours. Signup and view all the answers

What does stimulus discrimination training involve?

Teaching someone to respond in a specific way to a specific cue. Signup and view all the answers

What is stimulus equivalence?

Occurs when a response is correctly displayed in the presence of a stimulus that has not been trained or reinforced. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

Transitivity = Occurs as a result of training 2 other stimulus relations. Reflexivity = The stimulus is matched to the target response with a distractor. Symmetry = The stimulus can be reversed. Signup and view all the answers

What are prompts used for?

Extra stimuli to accompany an SD so that a learner will display the correct behavior. Signup and view all the answers

How does stimulus control transfer occur?

When prompts are faded and not needed for the learner to perform the behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What is graduated guidance?

Physical prompts are gradually faded. Signup and view all the answers

Describe time delay in prompting.

Prompts are initially immediate then delivered 1-5 seconds later. Signup and view all the answers

What is involved in most to least prompt fading?

Most intrusive prompts to least intrusive. Signup and view all the answers

What does least to most prompt fading entail?

Least intrusive to more intrusive prompts. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Stimulus Control Concepts

Stimulus Control: Refers to different behaviors exhibited in the presence or absence of a stimulus, indicating a relationship between the stimulus and behavior.
Behavior: Results from antecedents or prior consequences, shaping how an individual reacts to stimuli.
Consequences: Occur post-behavior, impacting the likelihood of future behavior occurrence either by increasing or decreasing it.
Antecedents: Precede behavior, providing the necessary context for stimulus control.

Types of Stimuli

Discriminative Stimulus (SD): A specific stimulus that encourages a particular behavior from an individual.
Naturally Occurring SDs: Examples include stopping at a stop sign, approaching food, or cleaning dishes when they are dirty.
Planned SDs: Examples include chore charts, timers for tasks, or grocery lists.

Motivation Operations (MOs)

Motivation Operations: Influence the value of reinforcers or punishers, thereby affecting behavioral displays.
Examples of MOs:
- Running a 5k in hot weather increases thirst.
- Sitting for two hours decreases thirst.
- Watching 3 hours of TV increases the desire to exercise.
- Not watching TV for 4 days increases the desire to watch TV.

Stimulus Training Techniques

Stimulus Discrimination Training: Teaches individuals to respond to specific cues.
Part of Learning: Involves instructing what responses to withhold or ignore.

Stimulus Relations

Stimulus Class: A group of stimuli sharing common attributes, essential for concept definition in teaching.
Stimulus Equivalence: Involves responding to a stimulus that hasn't been explicitly taught or reinforced due to established relations.
Conditions for Equivalence: Depend on reflexivity, symmetry, and transitivity.

Reflexivity, Symmetry, and Transitivity

Transitivity: A result of training relations; if A=B and B=C are trained, then A=C is untrained.
Reflexivity: Involves matching a stimulus to a target response, e.g., A=A.
Symmetry: Allows for the reversal of trained relations; if A=B is trained, then B=A remains untrained.

Prompts and Fading Techniques

Prompts: Additional cues provided with an SD to encourage correct behavior from learners.
Stimulus Control Transfer: This occurs when prompts are faded, allowing independent behavior performance.
Graduated Guidance: Involves gradually reducing physical prompts.
Time Delay: Begins with immediate prompts, which are then delayed by 1-5 seconds.
Most to Least Prompt Fading: Uses the most intrusive prompts first, gradually moving to less intrusive options.
Least to Most Prompt Fading: Starts with the least intrusive prompts and increases the level of prompting if necessary.

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Description

Explore key concepts in behavioral principles with these flashcards. Focus on terms like stimulus control, behavior, and consequences to enhance your understanding of behavioral science. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their knowledge in psychology.