Questions and Answers
What is stimulus control?
What causes behavior according to the definition provided?
An antecedent or prior experience with consequences.
Consequences occur before a behavior.
False
What are antecedents responsible for?
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What is a discriminative stimulus (SD)?
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How are connections made between SDs and reinforcers?
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Give an example of a naturally occurring SD.
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What is one example of planned SDs?
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What are motivation operations (MOs)?
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In the example about Sal, what is the identified MO when he ran a 5k race?
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What is the identified MO when Mary watched 3 hours of TV?
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What does stimulus discrimination training involve?
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What is stimulus equivalence?
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
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What are prompts used for?
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How does stimulus control transfer occur?
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What is graduated guidance?
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Describe time delay in prompting.
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What is involved in most to least prompt fading?
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What does least to most prompt fading entail?
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Study Notes
Stimulus Control Concepts
- Stimulus Control: Refers to different behaviors exhibited in the presence or absence of a stimulus, indicating a relationship between the stimulus and behavior.
- Behavior: Results from antecedents or prior consequences, shaping how an individual reacts to stimuli.
- Consequences: Occur post-behavior, impacting the likelihood of future behavior occurrence either by increasing or decreasing it.
- Antecedents: Precede behavior, providing the necessary context for stimulus control.
Types of Stimuli
- Discriminative Stimulus (SD): A specific stimulus that encourages a particular behavior from an individual.
- Naturally Occurring SDs: Examples include stopping at a stop sign, approaching food, or cleaning dishes when they are dirty.
- Planned SDs: Examples include chore charts, timers for tasks, or grocery lists.
Motivation Operations (MOs)
- Motivation Operations: Influence the value of reinforcers or punishers, thereby affecting behavioral displays.
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Examples of MOs:
- Running a 5k in hot weather increases thirst.
- Sitting for two hours decreases thirst.
- Watching 3 hours of TV increases the desire to exercise.
- Not watching TV for 4 days increases the desire to watch TV.
Stimulus Training Techniques
- Stimulus Discrimination Training: Teaches individuals to respond to specific cues.
- Part of Learning: Involves instructing what responses to withhold or ignore.
Stimulus Relations
- Stimulus Class: A group of stimuli sharing common attributes, essential for concept definition in teaching.
- Stimulus Equivalence: Involves responding to a stimulus that hasn't been explicitly taught or reinforced due to established relations.
- Conditions for Equivalence: Depend on reflexivity, symmetry, and transitivity.
Reflexivity, Symmetry, and Transitivity
- Transitivity: A result of training relations; if A=B and B=C are trained, then A=C is untrained.
- Reflexivity: Involves matching a stimulus to a target response, e.g., A=A.
- Symmetry: Allows for the reversal of trained relations; if A=B is trained, then B=A remains untrained.
Prompts and Fading Techniques
- Prompts: Additional cues provided with an SD to encourage correct behavior from learners.
- Stimulus Control Transfer: This occurs when prompts are faded, allowing independent behavior performance.
- Graduated Guidance: Involves gradually reducing physical prompts.
- Time Delay: Begins with immediate prompts, which are then delayed by 1-5 seconds.
- Most to Least Prompt Fading: Uses the most intrusive prompts first, gradually moving to less intrusive options.
- Least to Most Prompt Fading: Starts with the least intrusive prompts and increases the level of prompting if necessary.
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Description
Explore key concepts in behavioral principles with these flashcards. Focus on terms like stimulus control, behavior, and consequences to enhance your understanding of behavioral science. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their knowledge in psychology.