Podcast
Questions and Answers
What are the two questions asked in an effective suicide screen?
What are the two questions asked in an effective suicide screen?
What is the main difference between therapeutic and social relationships?
What is the main difference between therapeutic and social relationships?
Therapeutic relationships focus on achieving a specific goal, while social relationships are more personal and focus on friendship, enjoyment, or socialization.
The Diagnostic Triangle will be on the test.
The Diagnostic Triangle will be on the test.
False (B)
What does the abbreviation "LRE" stand for?
What does the abbreviation "LRE" stand for?
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What is the main difference between a "hold" and an "admission"?
What is the main difference between a "hold" and an "admission"?
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What are the three elements that make up an "involuntary commitment"?
What are the three elements that make up an "involuntary commitment"?
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What is the goal of "Milieu therapy"?
What is the goal of "Milieu therapy"?
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Anger is considered a primary emotion.
Anger is considered a primary emotion.
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What is the main purpose of "crisis intervention"?
What is the main purpose of "crisis intervention"?
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What are the four phases of crisis intervention?
What are the four phases of crisis intervention?
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Explain the difference between "eustress" and "distress".
Explain the difference between "eustress" and "distress".
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What is the ultimate goal of "recovery-oriented care"?
What is the ultimate goal of "recovery-oriented care"?
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What are the three main domains of the Biopsychosocial Model?
What are the three main domains of the Biopsychosocial Model?
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Match the following neurotransmitters with their primary function:
Match the following neurotransmitters with their primary function:
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Flashcards
Therapeutic Communication
Therapeutic Communication
A technique that enhances the nurse-client relationship through effective dialogue.
Mental Health
Mental Health
A state of well-being where individuals can cope with stress and function effectively.
Mental Illness
Mental Illness
A disorder that affects mood, thinking, and behavior.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
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General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
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Eustress vs Distress
Eustress vs Distress
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Self-Determinism
Self-Determinism
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Informed Consent
Informed Consent
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Therapeutic Relationship Phases
Therapeutic Relationship Phases
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Patient-Centered Goals
Patient-Centered Goals
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Nonverbal Communication
Nonverbal Communication
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Crisis Intervention
Crisis Intervention
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Risk Assessment
Risk Assessment
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Therapeutic Use of Self
Therapeutic Use of Self
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Defense Mechanisms
Defense Mechanisms
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Cultural Awareness
Cultural Awareness
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Levels of Prevention
Levels of Prevention
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Trust
Trust
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Community Based Care
Community Based Care
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Crisis Management
Crisis Management
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Resilience
Resilience
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Therapeutic Group Factors
Therapeutic Group Factors
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Aggression
Aggression
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Patient Rights
Patient Rights
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Biopsychosocial Model
Biopsychosocial Model
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Stages of Grief
Stages of Grief
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Therapeutic Communication Techniques
Therapeutic Communication Techniques
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Behavioral vs. Cognitive Therapy
Behavioral vs. Cognitive Therapy
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Sleep and Mental Health
Sleep and Mental Health
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Suicidal Ideation Risk
Suicidal Ideation Risk
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Anxiety Levels
Anxiety Levels
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Study Notes
Behavioral Health Exam 1
- This exam covers a lot of material from the slides, some of which is self-explanatory or has been covered in previous classes.
- Focus study time on areas you don't already know, and minimize time on material you're already familiar with.
- Therapeutic communication techniques have been added to the material.
Key
- Green = Big Topic (similar to orange if under a subtopic)
- Blue = Subtopic
- Orange = Same as Yellow, but with Important Content Under It
- Helps separate ideas for easier reading
- Yellow = Vocab and Important Concepts within Subtopics
- Red = Not important for exam
- Gray = Important info according to professors
- Teal → Like Blue, is also Important
- Electric Green → Very Important
- Changed to this color for better readability
Lecture #1: History and Introduction
- Ancient days saw issues like mental illness often attributed to spiritual causes, although treatment options were limited
- The 1700s-1800s saw little to no treatment for mental illness.
- People suffering were typically institutionalized.
- During the 1900s - 1960s mental patients were often housed in institutions, but the 1960s saw a shift towards deinstitutionalization and community-based treatment.
- Mental health is integral to overall health.
- Stereotypical views of mental illness persist in society and must be addressed in therapy to enable growth.
- Negative media portrayals contribute to stigma.
- Labeling individuals can result in self-stigma and public stigma, hindering treatment interaction.
Communication and the Therapeutic Relationship
- Crucial for Psychiatric Nursing treatment.
- The nurse must prioritize:
- Safety
- Confidentiality
- Reliability
- Consistency
Self-Awareness
- Understanding personal beliefs, biases, limitations, motivations
- Recognizing how these affect interactions with others
- Practicing self-examination
- Avoiding projecting personal feelings onto patients.
- Learning to change learned behaviors for effective communication in therapeutic relationships.
Therapeutic Use of Self
- Using self-awareness and conscious effort to improve communication.
- Effectively communicate through therapeutic communication, including crisis and stress management.
- Empower patients to make decisions and reach their potential.
Structure and Interventions
- Teaching coping skills and focusing on safety within the patient environment
- Therapeutic relationships are distinct from personal relationships; they focus on specific goals and mutual needs.
- Non-verbal communication often conveys more than verbal, so pay close attention.
Nonverbal Communication
- 90% of communication is nonverbal.
- Mirroring and tone of voice communicate messages.
- Awareness of nonverbal cues (facial expressions, use of space, etc.) is critical within the therapeutic context.
Trust
- Importance of trust, reliability, integrity, and sincerity in fulfilling the patient's needs.
Phases of the Therapeutic Relationship
- Orientation (Introductory) phase: establishing trust; holistic assessment; identifying treatment priorities.
- Working phase: focused therapeutic work, including care planning, to achieve treatment goals.
- Resolution phase: evaluating progress, reaching conclusions, and helping people adapt/utilize new skills in daily life.
The Nursing Process
- A framework for delivering care using scientific methods and focused on delivering quality.
- ADOPIE (Assessment, Diagnosis, Outcome Development, Planning, Intervention, Evaluation): important components of the nursing process.
Milieu
- The environment actively influences patients' behaviors and treatment outcomes.
- Milieu therapy aims to help develop coping skills and support patients' recovery by providing structure and activity in a structured environment.
- Management of the environment, including activities, meds, consistently scheduled stressors is key.
Assessment: Psychological Status
- Critical to assess and understand self-concept (body image, self-esteem, and personal identity), stress & coping mechanisms, and assess risks such as suicidal and homicidal ideation.
Risk Assessment
- Evaluate if the patient has a plan (and the means) and has attempted harmful actions.
- Assessing for suicidal or homicidal ideation.
Developing Outcomes
- Collecting accurate information of the patient for appropriate care and decision-making.
- Creating mutually agreed-upon goals to assist with clinical effectiveness, and rational decision-making.
Least Restrictive Environment (LRE)
- Goal is to ideally treat patients in the least restrictive environments.
General Practice Settings
- Issues surrounding mental illness in general settings.
- Lack of training can hinder adequate support and care.
Need for Education of Healthcare Providers
- Mental health patients in general settings may not receive adequate or appropriate referrals due to lack of training or understanding.
Recovery
- Realizing recovery is a holistic process (mind, body, and spirit), enabling patients to make informed decisions, assume responsibility, and involve support systems (such as family or support groups)
Recovery Concepts
- Recovery is only possible when hope is present.
Lecture #2: Patient Rights and Legal Issues
- Two groups in the U.S. guaranteed healthcare (criminals and Native Americans).
- Self-determination: empowerment, personal choices
- The Patient Self-Determination Act (1990): protects a patient's right to self-determination by outlining their rights to accept or refuse medical treatment and emphasizes the importance of advance directives.
Patient Rights
- Least restrictive treatment, informed consent, and confidentiality are significant aspects of patient care.
Commitment options
- Commitment to hospital, continuance at a facility, and voluntary/involuntary settings exist in treating individuals with psychiatric issues and mental health problems.
Competency
- Patients' rights are limited depending on patient safety.
- Legal procedures (like informed consent) are crucial to ensuring patients understand treatment options.
Types of Treatment
- Voluntary admission: patient agrees to treatment
- Involuntary admission: patient is admitted against their will
- Factors such as dangerous behavior, inability to care for basic needs, are considered when determining involuntary admission
- Commitment: legal process for longer-term treatment.
- Patient retains significant rights even when involuntarily admitted.
Privacy and Confidentiality
- Ensuring privacy and maintaining confidentiality within healthcare settings is crucial.
- Mandates to inform other parties in specific circumstances exist to preserve patient safety (e.g., when there’s a danger to someone else).
Accountability
- Nurses have important legal responsibilities.
Lecture #3: Behavioral Health Functionality
- Cultural awareness is critical in healthcare.
- Different cultures have varied beliefs about mental illness.
- Nurses need knowledge of diverse cultures when evaluating patients and providing care.
Mental Health vs. Mental Illness
- Mental health is successful adaptation to stressors; mental illness is the maladaptive response.
- Cultural relativity is key.
- Behavior in relation to thoughts and feelings should be congruent with cultural norms in order to maintain mental health
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
- Addressing basic needs before more complex ones (survival, safety, love and belonging, esteems, self-actualization).
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
- Alarm, resistance, and exhaustion stages are the body's responses to stress (and specific examples of reactions).
- Chronic stress can be harmful over time.
Immune Response to Stress
- Stress can impact the immune system, making individuals more vulnerable to illness and disease.
Meditations of Stress Response
- Recognize potential stressors, and identify protective factors (e.g., belief systems, support systems to resist negative impacts of stressors)
Trauma-Informed Care
- Trauma-informed care emphasizes understanding trauma's impact on patients.
- Patient-centered care is vital within a therapeutic setting; the focus should be on understanding and supporting needs, rather than imposing a one-size-fits-all treatment approach.
- Safety, compassion, trustworthiness, collaborative care, empowerment, and considering other social factors (culture, history, gender) are important parameters of healing.
Standardized Stress Screeners
- Methods evaluate the stress level within individuals; a higher score implies a greater risk for related health issue.
Grief and Anxiety
- Grief is a normal response to loss, with various stages (e.g., denial, anger, bargaining), and interventions for improving coping mechanisms.
Levels of Anxiety
- Assessing anxiety levels is an essential part of mental health evaluations.
Defense Mechanisms
- Methods used to protect from anxiety or stressful situations and to cope with negative emotions
- Important to recognize maladaptive mechanisms used as a crutch to avoid managing stress
Cognitive and Behavioral Therapy Tools
- Utilizing Cognitive Reframing, Priority Restructuring, Assertiveness Training, Response Prevention methods (to address negative thoughts, behaviors, and emotions).
Types of Cognitive & Behavioral Therapy
- Examples of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) or EMDR Therapy (for trauma management)
Group Therapy
- Group therapy methods and their phases
Group Functions
- Supporting, informing, socialization, developing coping skills are useful functions of group therapy.
Therapeutic Group Factors
- Factors that contribute to the effectiveness of group therapy, including hope, universality, and emotional growth.
Family Functioning
- Addressing family dynamics, communication styles, and support systems and to manage stressors, support each other through difficult times.
Nervous System
- Components (central vs. peripheral) and their functions.
Neurotransmitters
- Key Neurotransmitters and their function within the brain and body.
Hormones
- Relevant hormones important in maintaining homeostasis.
Sleep and Mental Health
- Stress can impact quality and quantity of sleep, which may affect other life areas.
Specific Conditions That Promote Community Treatment
- Maintaining a safe and supportive environment as part of an effective milieu is vital to recovery
Crises & Intervention
- Assess and plan for crisis situations or acute mental health disturbances that arise from external stressors or internal stressors.
- Plan to de-escalate threats and create a safe environment.
- Intervention methods include: patient safety, crisis planning for prevention and management, and patient de-escalation protocols
- Documentation is important to support decision-making if future issues arise, and will help create a more positive pathway to recovery.
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Description
Prepare for your Behavioral Health Exam 1 by reviewing key concepts and therapeutic communication techniques. Focus on the essential vocabulary and important topics highlighted in your lecture slides. This comprehensive quiz will help solidify your understanding of historical perspectives on mental health issues.
