Behavioral Archaeology Overview
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Questions and Answers

Who is credited with pioneering Behavioral Archaeology?

  • Ian Hodder
  • Michael Brian Schiffer (correct)
  • Lewis Binford
  • Elizabeth Brumfiel

    • The Pompeii Premise states that the archaeological record accurately reflects past cultures.

    False (B)

    What is the main criticism leveled by Post-Processual archaeology against Processual archaeology?

    Processual archaeology neglected the cultural context behind the observed behaviors.

    The archaeological record is often affected by ____ and ____ processes.

    <p>natural, formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the archaeological approach with its key proponent:

    <p>Processual Archaeology = Lewis Binford Post-Processual Archaeology = Ian Hodder and Elizabeth Brumfiel Behavioral Archaeology = Michael Brian Schiffer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these terms is NOT a component of the contextual terminology developed in Behavioral Archaeology?

    <p>Tertiary material (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Post-Processual critique emphasizes the passive role of individuals in shaping their own cultures.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Pompeii Premise' refer to?

    <p>The assumption that the archaeological record provides a straightforward and complete picture of past cultures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the role of gender in archaeology before the 1980s?

    <p>Research was predominantly directed by heteronormative white men. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Self-reflexivity is indicated as a means to achieve full objectivity in archaeological research.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concept of 'habitus' in the context of structuralism?

    <p>Regular practices or actions of life that individuals do without deep reflection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In structuralism, elements of human culture must be understood in terms of their relationship to a larger, overarching __________.

    <p>system or structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following concepts with their descriptions:

    <p>Agency = People are active agents of culture Ecological determinism = Explains culture solely based on environmental factors Structuralism = Focus on overarching systems influencing culture Bias = Preconceived notions influencing research interpretations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which social theorists primarily inspired practice theory?

    <p>Bourdieu and Giddens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Culture Resource Management often involves archaeologists being hired by government agencies.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of epistemology according to the Oxford dictionary?

    <p>the theory of knowledge, especially with regard to its methods, validity, and scope. Epistemology is the investigation of what distinguishes justified belief from opinion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A key aspect of working with cultural groups is conducting research that is with, for, and ___ the community.

    <p>by</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following approaches with their descriptions:

    <p>Community-Based Participatory Research = Research that involves community members in all stages of the project Indigenous Archaeology = Archaeology that centers indigenous perspectives and knowledge Anti-racist Archaeology = Archaeology that actively challenges and addresses racism in archaeological practices Culture Resource Management = Archaeology practiced in collaboration with government agencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content, what can be used in tandem with scientific epistemologies?

    <p>Non-scientific (or traditional) epistemologies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Archaeology is solely confined to academic institutions and tourism.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some ways archaeologists can learn from heritage cultural groups beyond just material culture?

    <p>By integrating both scientific and non-scientific epistemologies, and through participatory research methods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What critical issue did processual archaeology overlook?

    <p>Historical significance (B), Cultural context (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Full objectivity in archaeological research is completely attainable.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What bias characterized archaeological research before the 1980s?

    <p>Heteronormative bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Before the 1980s, most archaeological interpretation was directed by __________ white men.

    <p>heteronormative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the concepts with their correct descriptions:

    <p>Processual Archaeology = Overlooks cultural context Gender Archaeology = Focuses on gender roles in the past Feminist Critique = Challenges male-dominated narratives Self-reflexivity = Awareness of one's biases in research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable characteristic of human behavior in archaeology?

    <p>Influenced by cultural contexts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Transposing modern concepts of gender onto the past is important for accurate interpretation.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is self-reflexivity important in archaeological research?

    <p>It allows researchers to recognize and account for their own biases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the provided text, what is the primary focus of epistemology?

    <p>Understanding the differences between beliefs and opinions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The text suggests that traditional epistemologies are not relevant to modern archaeological research.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the meaning of 'With, For, and By', with regard to cultural heritage?

    <p>Community-based particpation in research.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The text describes a general movement within archaeology towards __________.

    <p>decolonizing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which geographical location was mentioned in connection to community-engaged archaeology?

    <p>Yucatán, Mexico (A), Guatemala (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following concepts with their description as related to the text:

    <p>Epistemology = Distinguishes justified belief from opinion Community-Based Participatory Research = Research conducted with, for, and by the community Decolonizing Archaeology = A movement to challenge colonial approaches in the discipline Indigenous Archaeology = Archaeology that values indigenous knowledge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anti-racist archaeology is not concerned with cultural heritage.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Besides material culture, what kind of knowledge can be learned from heritage cultural groups according to the text?

    <p>Traditional epistemologies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sonya Atalay is primarily known for her work in which area of archaeology?

    <p>Community Based Participatory Research (CBPR) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sonya Atalay worked at Catalhoyuk with Ian Hodder.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the book Sonya Atalay co-edited?

    <p>Archaeology of the Heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The map included in the content shows the location of Dolores in ______, Guatemala.

    <p>Petén</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following people with their roles or affiliations:

    <p>Sonya Atalay = Provost Professor of Anthropology Ian Hodder = Worked with Sonya Atalay at Catalhoyuk Don Juan Pacay = Grassroots Archaeologist of Dolores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of the archaeology being done in Dolores, Guatemala?

    <p>It is considered slow archaeology. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Archaeology has remained static and unchanging throughout history.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content, who is described as a 'central factor for most human societies'?

    <p>Don Juan Pacay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    New Archaeology Champion

    • Lewis Binford was a prominent archaeologist (1931-2011)
    • Professor at the University of New Mexico (UNM)

    The Pompeii Premise

    • Archaeological records are often influenced by natural processes and formation.
    • Cultural preservation is not always guaranteed in records.

    Behavioral Archaeology

    • Pioneered by Michael Brian Schiffer (University of Arizona) in the 1970s.
    • This approach analyzed artifacts to understand past human behavior.
    • The study used a contextual terminology
    • "De-facto material"
    • "Primary material"
    • "Secondary material" were key terms

    History of Archaeology, Part 3

    • People participating in archaeological activity are agents of change.
    • Processual archaeology often overlooks cultural influences behind behavior.
    • Social change is influenced by context and culture.
    • Human behavior is not always predictable.

    The Post-Processual Critique

    • People are actively shaping their environment
    • Processual archaeology often neglected cultural contexts.
    • Social change is constantly evolving and influenced by historical, situational, and cultural elements.

    Gender Archaeology and Feminist Critique

    • Pre-1980s archaeology was often from the perspective of white men.
    • Modern gender concepts should not be applied to the past when interpreting.
    • Objectivity is impossible, but self-reflection is critical.

    Structuralism

    • Opposed to environmental determinism.
    • Cultural elements are influenced by overarching systems.
    • Relationships are dynamic between culture and structure.
    • Understanding agency and structure is crucial.

    Archaeology Beyond Academia and Tourism

    • Culture Resource Management is central to archaeology outside academe.
    • Archaeology is often hired by government agencies, like the National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation for various tasks.
    • Archaeologists now learn from cultural groups about their heritage.

    Beyond Material Cultural Heritage

    • Traditional and scientific epistemologies can be combined.
    • Archaeologists can learn from other cultures to help understand the past.
    • Traditional methods can open insights into past events.

    Community-Based Participatory Research

    • A vital component of archaeological research that collaborates with indigenous populations.
    • Indigenous Archaeology is frequently included in this work.
    • Antiracism is an important element and practice.
    • Aims for inclusion from diverse perspectives

    Indigenous Archaeology and CBPR

    • Sonya Atalay, anthropologist, is a leader in transforming collaborative efforts with Indigenous communities.
    • Collaboration helps understand the history and experiences associated.

    Archaeology's Transformation

    • Archaeology's practice continues to evolve, greatly affecting the discipline.

    Slow Archaeology in Dolores, Petén, Guatemala

    • Archaeological work in Dolores, Petén, Guatemala
    • A more holistic method of understanding the site's history.

    Grassroots Archaeologists of Dolores

    • Don Juan Pacay and Mara Reyes are key archaeologists in the region.
    • Their work includes significant field efforts to improve cultural awareness.

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    Related Documents

    History of Archaeology Part 2 PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge of Behavioral Archaeology and its key concepts, including the Pompeii Premise and the critiques of Processual archaeology. This quiz covers essential terminology and influential figures in the field. Perfect for students and enthusiasts alike!

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