Podcast Beta
Questions and Answers
What did Tolman propose in his combination of behaviorism and gestalt psychology?
What do cognitive maps contain?
What is the process of learning through confirmation of expectancies called?
What does Hull's Drive-Reduction Theory explain habit strength as?
Signup and view all the answers
What does Hebb's Law state?
Signup and view all the answers
What are cell assemblies?
Signup and view all the answers
What does Phineas Gage's case provide evidence for?
Signup and view all the answers
Who was the first American to receive a Ph.D. in psychology and founded the American Psychology Association (APA) and the American Journal of Psychology?
Signup and view all the answers
Who believed that child development involved both cognitive and social aspects and that it was a continuous process rather than occurring in distinct stages?
Signup and view all the answers
Who is most known for his work on the development of intelligence in children and his theory of cognitive development, which includes the concepts of schemas, adaptation, and the four stages of development?
Signup and view all the answers
Who proposed the concept of the zone of proximal development, which refers to the difference between a child's actual development and their potential development with assistance?
Signup and view all the answers
Who proposed the theory of psychosocial development, which includes eight stages, each with a challenge to be addressed and a positive versus negative attribute to develop?
Signup and view all the answers
Who is known for her work on perception and the visual cliff experiment, which showed that animals and toddlers could perceive depth from early on in their development?
Signup and view all the answers
Who believed that childhood egocentric talk would later turn into adulthood inner speech?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Overview of Behavioral and Neuropsychological Theories and Concepts
- Tolman combined behaviorism and gestalt psychology and proposed the idea of purposive behavior, which has a goal or purpose at the molecular and molar levels.
- Cognitive maps, formed based on past experiences, contain expectancies and possibilities of behavior in different situations.
- Acquisition of expectancies is the process of learning through confirmation of expectancies.
- Hull's Drive-Reduction Theory explains habit strength as the association of stimulus to response that reduces an individual's drive.
- Hebb's Law states that neurons that fire together wire together and he focused on neuropsychology, sleep deprivation, sensory deprivation, and cell assemblies.
- Cell assemblies are groups of neurons that fire together and create associations in the brain, forming phase sequences that are used in different situations.
- Short-term memory is governed by cell assemblies, while long-term memory involves long-lasting changes to synaptic structures.
- Phineas Gage, a railroad worker who experienced traumatic brain damage, provides evidence for the consequences of frontal lobe damage on personality changes.
- Gage's case is widely debated among researchers, with questions about the extent of his injuries and the location of the rod that went through his head.
- Tolman's focus was on cognition and behavior, while Hull's ideas were based on mathematical explanations for learning.
- Hebb's work on neuropsychology focused on the effects of sensory deprivation on cognitive processes and provided evidence for cell assemblies and phase sequences.
- Overall, these theories and concepts provide insight into the relationship between behavior and cognition, and the role of the brain in learning and memory.
Overview of Key Figures in Developmental Psychology
- G. Stanley Hall was the first American to receive a Ph.D. in psychology and founded the American Psychology Association (APA) and the American Journal of Psychology.
- Hall was known for popularizing the use of questionnaires in psychology and his research on adolescence, which he believed was a period of storm and stress.
- James Mark Baldwin studied under Wilhelm Wundt and was the chair of psychology at Johns Hopkins, but his career was cut short due to scandal involving prostitution.
- Baldwin believed that child development involved both cognitive and social aspects and that it was a continuous process rather than occurring in distinct stages.
- Jean Piaget is most known for his work on the development of intelligence in children and his theory of cognitive development, which includes the concepts of schemas, adaptation, and the four stages of development.
- Piaget believed that children actively construct their understanding of the world and that development occurs through a process of assimilation and accommodation.
- Lev Vygotsky studied thought and language development and proposed the concept of the zone of proximal development, which refers to the difference between a child's actual development and their potential development with assistance.
- Vygotsky believed that language was a unique tool to humans and that childhood egocentric talk would later turn into adulthood inner speech.
- Erik Erikson proposed the theory of psychosocial development, which includes eight stages, each with a challenge to be addressed and a positive versus negative attribute to develop.
- Eleanor Gibson was known for her work on perception and the visual cliff experiment, which showed that animals and toddlers could perceive depth from early on in their development.
- Gibson believed that past experiences shape perception and that perception becomes more precise over time.
- Overall, these key figures in developmental psychology have contributed to our understanding of how humans develop and learn throughout their lives.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge on the overview of Behavioral and Neuropsychological Theories and Concepts with this quiz. From Tolman's idea of purposive behavior to Hebb's Law and the consequences of frontal lobe damage on personality changes, this quiz covers a range of topics related to the relationship between behavior and cognition. Sharpen your understanding of these theories and concepts and enhance your knowledge of the role of the brain in learning and memory.
