Behavior Management Lecture 8
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Questions and Answers

What should be done before any movement occurs in the dental office?

  • Ensure the child is familiar with all instruments used
  • Explain the procedure to the child in detail
  • Point at the intended movement to avoid surprises (correct)
  • Ask the parent for permission to proceed

    • How should behavior management techniques be adapted for blind children?

  • Utilize auditory, tactile, and olfactory senses for reassurance (correct)
  • Focus on visual stimuli to capture their attention
  • Encourage them to actively seek visual information
  • Provide only verbal instructions without physical contact

    • What common issue is typically observed in the oral findings of visually impaired children?

  • Frequent dental alignments needed
  • High incidence of cavities due to poor diet
  • Generally poor oral hygiene and possible anterior teeth trauma (correct)
  • Consistent gum disease with no other findings

    • Which characteristic is NOT typical of blind children based on their behavioral tendencies?

    <p>High levels of physical activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key component of effective communication with sight impaired individuals?

    <p>Address them in a normal tone of voice as they are not hearing impaired</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intelligence quotient (IQ) range is classified as mild mental retardation?

    <p>50-70</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What management technique is recommended for children with short attention spans?

    <p>Provide short visits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT a common cause of hyperactivity in children?

    <p>Sleep deprivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a typical characteristic of individuals with cerebral palsy?

    <p>Lack of voluntary muscle control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neuromuscular dysfunction affects both legs and minimally both arms?

    <p>Diplegia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom is commonly associated with cerebral palsy?

    <p>Muscle weakness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a management strategy for children with significant restlessness during dental appointments?

    <p>Providing a brief office tour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a clinical manifestation of cerebral palsy?

    <p>Normal muscle control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the level of intelligence and oral hygiene in patients with disabilities?

    <p>Oral hygiene worsens as intelligence level decreases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Among patients with disabilities, which group is noted for a high incidence of traumatic injuries to teeth?

    <p>Epileptic patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an indication for the use of physical restraints in dental care for patients with disabilities?

    <p>When a patient cannot cooperate due to physical or mental disability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a recommended strategy for maintaining oral hygiene in patients with disabilities?

    <p>Increased sugar intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common oral issue do disabilities affecting facial development often lead to?

    <p>Malocclusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of toothbrush handle modification is beneficial for a handicapped child?

    <p>Weighted handle for better grip</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the methods that can be used for managing special patients during dental care?

    <p>Behavior shaping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a physical aid that can be used to help keep a patient's mouth open during treatment?

    <p>Molt mouth prop</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common oral reflex disturbance that can occur in patients with impaired oral reflexes?

    <p>Increased gag reflex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following management strategies is recommended for patients with oral reflex impairments?

    <p>Utilizing mouth props and rubber dam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What design consideration is essential for a barrier-free facility regarding access for patients with disabilities?

    <p>Adequate space to maneuver a wheelchair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which communication method is often necessary for children with profound hearing loss?

    <p>Lip reading and manual communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of handling patients with muscular incoordination is important during treatment?

    <p>Gentle handling to avoid exacerbating incoordination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is NOT typically associated with hearing impairment?

    <p>Obesity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Before the first visit, what is an essential step in preparing a patient with communication difficulties?

    <p>Ensuring a parent accompanies the child</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which abnormality is not a typical oral finding in patients with craniofacial anomalies?

    <p>Normal dental findings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the classifications of special health care needs recognized in the management of patients in the dental clinic?

    <p>Mental, Physical, Medical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which barrier does NOT affect the provision of dental care for patients with special health care needs?

    <p>Access to dental hygienists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stage is characterized by parents experiencing turmoil after learning their child has special needs?

    <p>Disorganization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common dental disorder in patients with special health care needs?

    <p>Cosmetic imperfections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In managing patients with special health care needs, what is a common misconception regarding dental caries?

    <p>There is no significant difference in caries rate between normal and disabled persons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key consideration when planning treatment for patients with special health care needs?

    <p>Infection control measures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do emotional and financial stresses impact parents of children with special health care needs in a dental setting?

    <p>They can hinder effective communication with dental professionals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of care is often overlooked by dentists treating patients with special health care needs?

    <p>Sensitivity to the patient's emotional state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Behavior Management: Lecture 8

    • Special health care needs encompass physical, developmental, mental, sensory, behavioral, cognitive, or emotional impairments requiring medical management, healthcare interventions, and specialized programs.
    • Classification includes mental, physical, and medical conditions.
    • Parents of children with special needs experience disorganization, reintegration, mature adaptation, overprotection, and rejection.
    • Common difficulties for special needs parents include long wait times at clinics, extensive travel distances, frequent hospital visits, needed home adjustments, financial hardships, and societal bias.
    • Initial demonstration of sincere interest from a dentist during a first visit is beneficial, saving time during treatment.

    Variables Affecting Dental Care Provision

    • Access to dental care, degree of independence, caregiver support, availability of trained professionals, effect of illness and medications, systemic diseases, and financial factors affect the extent of care provided.
    • Acceptance, accessibility, and availability of care are influenced by a perception of the situation by parents and the care provider. Examples include Down syndrome and porcelain crowns.

    Treatment Considerations

    • Diagnosis and treatment planning are critical factors.
    • Infection control is imperative.
    • Treatment modifications are necessary for special patients.

    Common Dental Disorders in Special Patients

    • Dental caries rates may vary based on the type of disability, with some showing lower rates than others.
    • Oral and dental defects, malocclusion, oral habits, trauma, and gingival/periodontal disease are common problems.
    • The severity of problems may differ from normal patients in degree, but not in kind.

    Trauma

    • Epileptic patients have a higher rate of traumatic injuries to teeth compared to other patients with disabilities.
    • Blind children may also be at risk for trauma, although it isn't widely documented.

    Malocclusion and Oral Habits

    • Malocclusion and oral habits often result from facial development abnormalities and/or muscle issues. Cleft lip and palate are examples.

    Prevention of Dental Disease

    • Home care, diet, nutrition, fluorides, pit/fissure sealants, and regular professional supervision are crucial for reducing dental disease.

    Modification of Toothbrush Handles

    • Modification of toothbrush handles can help assist individuals with mental impairments who have difficulty grasping the brush.

    Managing the Special Patient

    • Behavioral shaping, physical restraints (used cautiously), sedation, and general anesthesia are among management strategies.

    • Physical restraints are cautionary; they should never be used for punishment or convenience.

    Classification of Mental Retardation

    • Mental retardation is classified from mild to profound, based on Intelligence tests (IQ).

    Difficulties with Mental Retardation

    • Common impairments include short attention span, restlessness/hyperactivity, distractibility, and poor motor coordination. Management may require reduced distractions and mild sedation.

    Mental Retardation Management

    • To manage hyperactive and restless children, reduce distractions and use mild sedation.
    • Short visits are recommended for short attention spans.
    • Physical assistance may be necessary for poor motor coordination.
    • Nonverbal communication aids are helpful for communication challenges.

    Hyperactivity

    • Usually due to hypocalcemia, encephalitis, or nutritional deficiency.
    • Characteristics include a short attention span, lacking social integration, scheduling accommodations for short appointments, and potential use of restraints, sedation, or general anesthesia as needed.

    Physical Impairments (Neuromuscular, Blindness, Deafness)

    • Specific behavioral management techniques are necessary for individuals with disabilities.

    Cerebral Palsy

    • Neurological disorder of muscle control, motor function, typically caused by reduced oxygen during birth, anoxia, or other prenatal or postnatal factors affecting brain development or function.

    • Multiple clinical presentations are possible, including muscle weakness, poor balance, abnormal gaits, seizures, various sensory impairments (visual, hearing).

    • Types of cerebral palsy have different characteristics (monoplegia, hemiplegia, paraplegia, diplegia, quadriplegia). Note variable symptoms including muscle weakness, balance issues, involuntary movements, and irregular gait among others.

    Oral Findings in Special Patients

    • Average dental caries rates are typical; however, specific conditions like Down's syndrome may have noticeably lower rates.
    • Trauma to anterior teeth or tongue thrust are characteristics.

    Oral Reflexes

    • Oral reflexes may present as increased gag reflexes, depressed coughing reflexes, and disturbed biting reflexes.

    Management of Special Patients

    • Medical consultation, oral hygiene measures, providing a comfortable position, premedication, physical restraints, mouth props, and short appointments.

    Dental Office Access

    • Dental offices should be accessible to special needs patients, including ramps, wide doorways, parking, elevators.
    • Staff responsiveness to special needs and accommodations are important.

    Communication Abnormalities: Hearing and Visual Impairment

    • Strategies for working with hearing and visually impaired patients need to be modified to accommodate any communication barriers.

    Hearing Impairment

    • Hearing impairment may be associated with cleft palate, cerebral palsy, Down's syndrome, or other craniofacial abnormalities.
    • Communication levels range from mild to profound hearing loss, and will influence suitable communication methods (hearing aids, lip-reading, or manual communication methods).

    Visual Impairment (Blindness)

    • Oral hygiene and trauma risk to teeth are common concerns.
    • Visual impairments may arise from congenital, or acquired causes associated with other conditions.
    • Methods of communication between clinician and the patient should adapt to the needs of the visually impaired.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the challenges faced by parents of children with special health care needs, including various impairments and the impact on dental care provision. It discusses the importance of understanding these needs for effective management and intervention. Explore the classification of conditions and the variables affecting access to dental care.

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