Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is one of the first and most important steps in changing behavior?
What is one of the first and most important steps in changing behavior?
Identifying an individual's preferences
What consequences are needed in order for a change in behavior to occur?
What consequences are needed in order for a change in behavior to occur?
A reinforcing stimulus and/or aversive stimulus
What are preference assessments?
What are preference assessments?
Validated tools developed to identify a person's preferences
Which method for identifying preferences involves interviewing caregivers or other people who spend time with the person of interest?
Which method for identifying preferences involves interviewing caregivers or other people who spend time with the person of interest?
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Which of the following is NOT an approach we use for identifying preferences?
Which of the following is NOT an approach we use for identifying preferences?
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What is the most significant difference between a preference assessment and a reinforcer assessment?
What is the most significant difference between a preference assessment and a reinforcer assessment?
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In which of these scenarios would a free operant preference assessment be most beneficial?
In which of these scenarios would a free operant preference assessment be most beneficial?
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Which of these describes a free operant assessment format?
Which of these describes a free operant assessment format?
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What is a disadvantage of using a free operant preference assessment?
What is a disadvantage of using a free operant preference assessment?
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How is a paired-stimulus preference assessment conducted?
How is a paired-stimulus preference assessment conducted?
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What is one advantage of using a paired-stimulus preference assessment?
What is one advantage of using a paired-stimulus preference assessment?
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Which of the following is a major drawback of using a forced-choice preference assessment?
Which of the following is a major drawback of using a forced-choice preference assessment?
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While conducting a preference assessment, the instructor presents an array of stimuli to the learner and instructs him to pick one. Which preference assessment is being conducted in this example?
While conducting a preference assessment, the instructor presents an array of stimuli to the learner and instructs him to pick one. Which preference assessment is being conducted in this example?
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Which multiple stimuli preference assessment does not provide a rank order of preferred stimuli?
Which multiple stimuli preference assessment does not provide a rank order of preferred stimuli?
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While conducting a preference assessment, the instructor presents an array of stimuli to the learner and instructs him to pick one. The chosen item is put back into the array for subsequent trials. Which preference assessment is being conducted in this example?
While conducting a preference assessment, the instructor presents an array of stimuli to the learner and instructs him to pick one. The chosen item is put back into the array for subsequent trials. Which preference assessment is being conducted in this example?
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Preferences are said to be ____ that someone really enjoys.
Preferences are said to be ____ that someone really enjoys.
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Which of the following is a reason why preferences may change within a person?
Which of the following is a reason why preferences may change within a person?
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Preference assessments are conducted for individuals ____.
Preference assessments are conducted for individuals ____.
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Dawn is a behavior analyst who sits down with Mike, the primary caregiver of one of Dawn's new clients. She begins asking him to identify items, activities, food, and people he believes to be stimuli that his son prefers. This is an example of which approach?
Dawn is a behavior analyst who sits down with Mike, the primary caregiver of one of Dawn's new clients. She begins asking him to identify items, activities, food, and people he believes to be stimuli that his son prefers. This is an example of which approach?
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Julie, a behavior therapist, decides to conduct a(n) ____________ to determine what stimuli her client prefers.
Julie, a behavior therapist, decides to conduct a(n) ____________ to determine what stimuli her client prefers.
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In the ____ approach, stimuli are presented to the learner systematically in a series of trials and responses are measured.
In the ____ approach, stimuli are presented to the learner systematically in a series of trials and responses are measured.
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Highly preferred stimuli ___ function(s) as reinforcers.
Highly preferred stimuli ___ function(s) as reinforcers.
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Which of the following assessments provides only a prediction of stimuli that could serve as reinforcers?
Which of the following assessments provides only a prediction of stimuli that could serve as reinforcers?
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In which of the following assessments is the presumed preferred stimulus given contingently upon a response?
In which of the following assessments is the presumed preferred stimulus given contingently upon a response?
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Which of the following is NOT considered a disadvantage of a free-operant preference assessment?
Which of the following is NOT considered a disadvantage of a free-operant preference assessment?
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Scott gives his client the opportunity to engage in puzzle play, lego building, and/or tablet time. He observes his client playing with the items and records the duration of time spent engaged with each item. His client spent 2 minutes with the puzzle, 0 minutes with the legos, and 5 minutes with the tablet. Scott has concluded that the tablet is the most preferred item and may function as a reinforcer. This is an example of which preference assessment?
Scott gives his client the opportunity to engage in puzzle play, lego building, and/or tablet time. He observes his client playing with the items and records the duration of time spent engaged with each item. His client spent 2 minutes with the puzzle, 0 minutes with the legos, and 5 minutes with the tablet. Scott has concluded that the tablet is the most preferred item and may function as a reinforcer. This is an example of which preference assessment?
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Nicole has assigned a number to each stimulus; book, iPad, truck, and puzzle, and documented it on a corresponding data sheet. She presents two of the stimuli, book and puzzle, to her client and asks him to pick one. Once her client has chosen book, she gives it to him for a brief moment and then takes it away. She then presents two more stimuli, truck and iPad. Her client didn't choose either. She removes both items and represents them with different items in the following trial. Nicole is using which of the following preference assessments to determine possible reinforcers?
Nicole has assigned a number to each stimulus; book, iPad, truck, and puzzle, and documented it on a corresponding data sheet. She presents two of the stimuli, book and puzzle, to her client and asks him to pick one. Once her client has chosen book, she gives it to him for a brief moment and then takes it away. She then presents two more stimuli, truck and iPad. Her client didn't choose either. She removes both items and represents them with different items in the following trial. Nicole is using which of the following preference assessments to determine possible reinforcers?
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Which of the following is considered an advantage of a forced choice preference assessment?
Which of the following is considered an advantage of a forced choice preference assessment?
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Which of the following is NOT considered a disadvantage of a forced choice preference assessment?
Which of the following is NOT considered a disadvantage of a forced choice preference assessment?
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When using a _____, a variety of stimuli are displayed in an array and the learner has many choices to pick from.
When using a _____, a variety of stimuli are displayed in an array and the learner has many choices to pick from.
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In a(n) ____, the instructor retrieves the item the learner is engaging in and places the item back in the array. In a(n) ____, the instructor removes the stimulus and does not place it back in the array.
In a(n) ____, the instructor retrieves the item the learner is engaging in and places the item back in the array. In a(n) ____, the instructor removes the stimulus and does not place it back in the array.
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The main purpose of conducting preference assessment is to:
The main purpose of conducting preference assessment is to:
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When conducting a preference assessment, we must remember that preferences are:
When conducting a preference assessment, we must remember that preferences are:
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Why are preference assessments significant when working with individuals that have developmental disabilities?
Why are preference assessments significant when working with individuals that have developmental disabilities?
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The best method of identifying preferences is through:
The best method of identifying preferences is through:
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This method helps to answer the question: If an individual had the opportunity to do whatever they wanted within available items or activities, what would they choose to do, and for how long?
This method helps to answer the question: If an individual had the opportunity to do whatever they wanted within available items or activities, what would they choose to do, and for how long?
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Which of the statements below are false?
Which of the statements below are false?
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Which preferences assessment is recommended for learners whose problem behavior is maintained by access to tangibles?
Which preferences assessment is recommended for learners whose problem behavior is maintained by access to tangibles?
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Which preference assessment takes the longest to administer?
Which preference assessment takes the longest to administer?
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To conduct this assessment, the instructor assigns a number to each item, documenting it on a corresponding data sheet. Next, the instructor presents two of the stimuli and asks the learner to pick one of the items. Once the learner has made their selection, he or she is given access to it for a brief period. What time of assessment is this?
To conduct this assessment, the instructor assigns a number to each item, documenting it on a corresponding data sheet. Next, the instructor presents two of the stimuli and asks the learner to pick one of the items. Once the learner has made their selection, he or she is given access to it for a brief period. What time of assessment is this?
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Forced choice provides a rank order of preferred stimuli.
Forced choice provides a rank order of preferred stimuli.
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In this method, a variety of stimuli are displayed in an array. In other words, instead of only two items to select from within a given opportunity, the learner has many choices to pick from. This assessment can be conducted in two forms; replacing stimuli in the array after it has been chosen on the subsequent trial, or removing the stimuli from the array once selected. Which preference assessment is this?
In this method, a variety of stimuli are displayed in an array. In other words, instead of only two items to select from within a given opportunity, the learner has many choices to pick from. This assessment can be conducted in two forms; replacing stimuli in the array after it has been chosen on the subsequent trial, or removing the stimuli from the array once selected. Which preference assessment is this?
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What are some limitations of both multiple-stimuli preference assessments?
What are some limitations of both multiple-stimuli preference assessments?
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Which assessment is the fastest to conduct?
Which assessment is the fastest to conduct?
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Study Notes
Preference Assessments Overview
- Essential for behavior modification by identifying individual preferences.
- Outcomes depend on reinforcing or aversive stimuli.
Types of Preference Assessments
- Preference Assessments: Validated tools for identifying preferences.
- Indirect Approach: Involves interviews with caregivers to gather preferences.
- Free Operant Preference Assessment: Observes unstructured interaction with multiple stimuli, ideal for maintaining behavior through access to tangibles.
- Paired-Stimulus Preference Assessment: Learner chooses between two stimuli, leading to a ranked preference hierarchy.
- Multiple Stimuli Without Replacement (MSWO): Learner picks an item which is then removed; used to deduce preferences.
- Multiple Stimuli With Replacement (MSW): Chosen stimuli remain available for future trials.
Methodological Differences
- Reinforcer Assessment: Tests presumed preferred stimuli contingent on target behavior; contrasts with preference assessment where participation isn't required.
- Trial-Based Methods: Systematic presentation of stimuli across various trials, measuring response.
- Naturalistic Observation: Recording preferences based on unstructured interactions with selected activities.
Advantages and Disadvantages
- Free Operant Assessment: Allows free choice; observed durations inform preference without interference.
- Paired-Stimulus Advantage: Generates a clear rank order of preferences; however, may require more time and forced choices limit options.
- Careful Management: Forced choice assessments can result in data collection challenges but effectively rank preferences.
Key Findings and Conclusions
- Preferences should be considered transitory and specific to each individual.
- Direct observation is the most reliable method for identifying preferences.
- Assessments must be chosen based on individual needs, particularly for those with developmental disabilities.
- Ensuring understanding of limitations within multiple-stimuli assessments is essential for effective application.
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Description
Explore the key concepts in behavior change from Lesson 18, focusing on conducting preference assessments. This quiz covers the importance of identifying preferences and the role of reinforcing or aversive stimuli in behavior modification. Test your knowledge on validated tools used to assess preferences.
