Becoming a Psychologist: Education & Associations
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Questions and Answers

What was the primary motivation behind the establishment of the American Psychological Association (APA) in 1892?

  • To conduct research on sexual thoughts.
  • To create a professional body representing psychology. (correct)
  • To compete with the Canadian Psychological Association.
  • To limit the number of women in the field of psychology.

Which statement accurately reflects the demographic changes within the field of psychology since its inception?

  • Membership in psychological associations has steadily declined.
  • There has been a significant increase in the number of women and non-White members. (correct)
  • Canadian psychologists are not allowed to join the APA.
  • The field has consistently remained dominated by men.

How does the Canadian Society for Brain, Behaviour and Cognitive Science (CSBBCS) differ in its focus from the Canadian Psychological Association (CPA)?

  • There is no functional difference; they are the same organization.
  • The CPA excludes Canadian psychologists.
  • The CSBBCS is focused on neuroscience.
  • The CSBBCS is geared towards psychologists involved in scientific research. (correct)

What is a common misconception the general public often has about psychologists?

<p>Psychologists can read people's minds and analyze their thoughts. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the activities is within the scope of work that a psychologist can do?

<p>Helping people and performing research. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What trend has been observed in the gender distribution of psychology PhD recipients in recent years?

<p>A growing proportion of PhDs in psychology being awarded to women. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Besides the APA, which organization also represents psychology as a profession in America?

<p>Association for Psychological Science (APS). (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the Canadian Association for Neuroscience (CAN-ACN)?

<p>Advancing research and education in the field of neuroscience. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A student graduates with a bachelor's degree in psychology. According to the information provided, what can they NOT call themselves?

<p>Psychologist (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary distinction between a psychiatrist and a clinical psychologist in terms of treatment methods?

<p>Psychiatrists can prescribe medications, while clinical psychologists typically cannot. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which professional is MOST likely to assist a corporation in improving employee satisfaction and productivity?

<p>Industrial/organizational psychologist (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do mental health practices often employ professionals with different types of advanced degrees?

<p>To address a wider range of patient needs, as different degrees grant different privileges and specializations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A graduate student wants to conduct original research in psychology. What is the MOST common way for them to gain this experience?

<p>By collaborating with professors in graduate school. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what context would a forensic psychologist MOST likely be involved?

<p>Assisting attorneys and courts in legal cases. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A person with a master's degree in psychology is working with a client experiencing severe depression. What is a limitation they might face in comparison to a psychiatrist?

<p>They may not be able to prescribe medication to manage the client's symptoms. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the MOST accurate description of the role of a sports psychologist?

<p>To help athletes improve their performance through mental training techniques. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average amount of time a student in the United States or Canada spends in graduate school to obtain a PhD in psychology?

<p>6 years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions would be MOST aligned with the responsibilities of a consumer psychologist?

<p>Developing marketing strategies based on understanding consumer behavior. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A university psychology professor is engaged in scientific research. What other activity do they MOST likely perform?

<p>Teaching courses to undergraduate and graduate students. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the MOST significant implication of the increasing diversity within North American psychology?

<p>A greater understanding and ability to serve a diverse population. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A school psychologist is concerned about a student's academic performance and social-emotional well-being. With whom would they MOST likely collaborate to address these concerns?

<p>The student's parents and teachers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Clinical psychologists can specialize in treating which of the following?

<p>Specific populations, such as children or older adults. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a PhD and a PsyD?

<p>A PhD generally prepares students for research and teaching, while a PsyD focuses on clinical practice. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What do psychologists do?

Deals with helping people, doing research, and other useful work.

American Psychological Association (APA)

Formed in 1892 to represent psychology with more than 75,000 members.

Association for Psychological Science (APS)

Formed in 1988, now with 30,000 members.

Canadian Psychological Association (CPA)

Represent psychology in Canada; similar to the APA.

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Canadian Society for Brain, Behaviour and Cognitive Science (CSBBCS)

Canadian society for research-oriented psychologists

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Canadian Association for Neuroscience (CAN-ACN)

A society of neuroscientists, including many psychologists.

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Women in Psychology

Approximately half of APA and CPA members.

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Non-White Members

The percentage is steadily growing.

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Becoming a Psychologist

Requires an advanced degree, such as a master's or PhD.

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PhD in Psychology

Stands for "doctor of philosophy" but focuses on original research.

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Graduate School

Involves classes and original research with professors.

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Psychology Professors

Often work in universities, teaching and conducting scientific research.

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Clinical Psychologists

Assess and treat people with cognitive or psychological problems.

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Psychiatrists

Medical doctors who can prescribe medications.

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Counselors

Typically hold a master's degree or a PhD.

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MD Privileges

Allows prescription of medications, unlike a master's or PhD in psychology.

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School Psychologists

Guidance for students, parents, and teachers.

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Industrial/Organizational Psychologists

Help businesses hire and maximize employee performance.

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Sports Psychologists

Assist athletes with training and mental performance.

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Forensic Psychologists

Assist attorneys and courts in legal matters.

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Consumer Psychologists

Help companies develop and market products.

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PsyD

Advanced degree in psychology focused on clinical practice.

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MEd

Advanced degree that allows people to call themselves psychologists and provide therapy

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Study Notes

  • Psychology is a diverse field that encompasses helping people, conducting research, and applying psychological principles in various settings.

Who Becomes a Psychologist?

  • The American Psychological Association (APA) was founded in 1892 by William James and six other psychologists.
  • The APA now has over 75,000 members.
  • The Association for Psychological Science (APS) formed in 1988 and has expanded to 30,000 members.
  • By 2017, approximately 70% of psychology PhD recipients were women.
  • The Canadian Psychological Association (CPA) and the Canadian Society for Brain, Behaviour and Cognitive Science (CSBBCS) are also prominent in Canada.
  • The Canadian Association for Neuroscience — association canadienne de neuroscience (CAN-ACN) is a growing society.
  • About half of APA and CPA members are women.
  • The percentage of non-White members is growing, reflecting increasing diversity in North American psychology.

How Do People Become Psychologists?

  • A bachelor's degree is not enough to be called a psychologist; advanced degrees are required.
  • Common advanced degrees include a master's degree and a PhD (doctor of philosophy).
  • Earning a master's or PhD requires attending graduate school, taking classes, and conducting original research with professors.
  • Graduate students typically spend around 6 years in graduate school in the US and Canada.
  • After graduate school, many go on for further training in a laboratory or hospital.
  • Some graduates become professors, teaching and conducting scientific research at universities.
  • Many graduates work as clinical psychologists, assessing or treating people with cognitive or psychological problems in various settings, including hospitals, schools, and private offices.
  • Clinical psychologists may hold academic positions and engage in both research and clinical practice.
  • Clinical psychologists often collaborate with mental health professionals like psychiatrists (MDs who can prescribe medication) and counselors (master's or PhD).
  • Other degrees that allow people to practice as psychologists and provide therapy include PsyD (doctor of psychology) and MEd (master of education).
  • Clinical psychologists specialize in treating specific problems (e.g., depression, anxiety) or populations (e.g., children, ethnic groups).

Other Fields

  • School psychologists offer guidance to students, parents, and teachers.
  • Industrial/organizational psychologists help businesses hire employees and improve employee performance.
  • Sports psychologists help athletes train and compete.
  • Forensic psychologists assist attorneys and courts in dealing with crime.
  • Consumer psychologists help companies develop and market new products.
  • Psychologists are employed in diverse institutions and enterprises, including Canada Post and the NHL.

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Explore paths to becoming a psychologist, including education and professional associations like APA and CPA. Understand the growing diversity within the field, with increasing representation of women and non-White members.

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