BCA 1st Sem: CSIT113 Sample Paper

Study Notes

Volatile Memory: Loses data when powered off; examples include RAM (Random Access Memory).
Non-volatile Memory: Retains data without power; examples include ROM (Read-Only Memory) and flash memory.
Cache Memory: A small, high-speed storage area that temporarily holds frequently accessed data to speed up processing.
Secondary Storage: Long-term storage solution, including hard drives and SSDs (Solid State Drives).

An OS is software that acts as an interface between hardware and application programs.
Key services include:
- Process Management: Handles the creation, scheduling, and termination of processes.
- Memory Management: Controls and allocates memory space to processes.
- Device Management: Manages device communication via drivers.
- File Management: Organizes and controls file storage and retrieval.

2’s Complement: Used for representing negative binary numbers; the operation involves flipping bits and adding one.
Decimal Conversion: 63.48 can be converted to decimal form, understanding place values in binary and decimal systems.

Flowcharts: Visual representation of processes using symbols; easier to understand but can be complex.
Algorithms: Step-by-step procedure for calculations; clearer logic but can be hard to visualize.
Advantages of Flowcharts: Better communication and systematic testing.
Disadvantages of Flowcharts: Can lead to improper documentation if not clearly illustrated.

An IS supports business operations, decision-making, and strategic advantages.
Levels include:
- Operational Level: Day-to-day management; uses operational information.
- Management Level: Tactical decision-making; relies on summary reports.
- Strategic Level: Long-term planning and policy-making; requires strategic data analysis.

Information is stored in databases and accessed through queries and user interfaces.
Multiple levels of data storage exist, including on-site databases and cloud solutions.

File Organization: Deals with the physical organization of records.
Strategic Information: Primarily required by top managers for decision-making.
Network Attached Storage (NAS): A storage device directly connected to a network.
Operational Information: Essential for daily operations and compliance.
Business Processes: Encompasses assembling products, customer identification, and hiring employees.
Flowchart Disadvantage: Improper documentation is not an advantage.
OS Functions: Acts as a collection of programs managing hardware resources.
Error Handling by OS: Includes printer paper lack and network connection failure.
OS Memory Placement: Can be located in either low or high memory.
Timeshare OS States: Upon completion of a time slot, the process switches to ready state.
OS Service Access: Provided via system calls as an interface.