Questions and Answers
What is trepanation?
What does humoral theory refer to?
Belief that certain liquids in the body must be in balance
What disease is characterized by severe diarrhea and vomiting?
What is reductionism?
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Who studied patterns of cholera outbreak in London?
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What did Semmelweis discover?
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What does cell theory state?
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What experiment did Louis Pasteur conduct?
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Who developed the first vaccine?
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What did Alexander Fleming discover?
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What does the biomedical model suggest?
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What is the biobehavioral perspective?
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What was the Framingham Heart Study focused on?
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Who proved that H. pylori causes peptic ulcers?
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What are cognitive biases?
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What does the scientific method involve?
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What is a theory?
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What is a sample in research?
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What does p-value indicate?
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Study Notes
Medical Terminology and Concepts
- Trepanation: A surgical technique involving creating an opening in the skull, historically used for various medical purposes.
- Humoral Theory: An ancient belief that health depended on the balance of bodily fluids.
- Cholera: A severe infectious disease that can cause intense diarrhea and vomiting, leading to dehydration, shock, and death.
Historical Figures and Contributions
- John Snow: Pioneer of epidemiology who traced cholera outbreaks in London to a contaminated water source.
- Ignaz Semmelweis: Identified childbed fever's link to unwashed hands by medical practitioners, influencing hygiene practices.
- Louis Pasteur: Conducted experiments showing that exposure to air can lead to bacterial growth, highlighting the importance of sterilization.
- Edward Jenner: Developed the first vaccination technique using cowpox to prevent smallpox, conducting pivotal vaccine research.
- Alexander Fleming: Discovered penicillin’s antibacterial properties, laying the groundwork for modern antibiotics.
Scientific Concepts and Models
- Cell Theory: Fundamental principle stating that all living organisms are composed of cells, emphasizing their importance in biology.
- Biomedical Model: Framework asserting that all illnesses have biological origins, often neglecting psychological and social factors.
- Biobehavioral Perspective: A comprehensive approach that considers biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors in health and disease susceptibility.
Research and Methodology
- Framingham Heart Study: A landmark study utilizing a biobehavioral approach to identify cardiovascular disease risk factors including lifestyle choices.
- Warren and Marshall: Researchers who demonstrated that the bacterium H. pylori is responsible for peptic ulcers using a biomedical lens.
- Scientific Method: A structured approach involving observation, hypothesis formulation, prediction, and testing to validate scientific inquiry.
Psychological and Statistical Concepts
- Cognitive Bias: Systematic patterns of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment, leading to illogical conclusions.
- Theory: A well-substantiated principle derived from a multitude of observations and experiments.
- Sample: A specific subset of a population selected for study in experiments, critical for statistical analysis.
- P-value: A statistical measure that indicates the probability of obtaining a result assuming no true relationship exists between studied variables.
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Description
Prepare for your BBH 101 Exam with these flashcards covering key terms and definitions. Each card provides a concise explanation of important concepts like trepanation and humoral theory, essential for understanding health and disease. Test your knowledge and get ready for success in your course!
