Batteri e loro Classificazione
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Questions and Answers

Quale dei seguenti generi batterici è classificato come Proteobacteria e alfa?

  • Clostridium
  • Escherichia
  • Staphylococcus
  • Acetobacter (correct)

    • Quale dei seguenti generi batterici è classificato come Proteobacteria e gamma, ed è un batterio enterico?

  • Vibrio (correct)
  • Enterococcus
  • Bacillus
  • Pseudomonas

    • A quale famiglia appartiene il genere Yersinia?

  • Enterobacteriaceae (correct)
  • Staphylococcaceae
  • Bacillaceae
  • Pseudomonadaceae

    • Quale dei seguenti generi batterici è classificato come Firmicutes e basso GC?

    <p>Streptococcus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale dei seguenti generi batterici è classificato come Proteobacteria e epsilon?

    <p>Helycobacter (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale dei seguenti gruppi di batteri non è elencato nella tabella?

    <p>Batteri fotosintetici (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale dei seguenti generi batterici è classificato come Firmicutes, non sporigeni, e batteri lattici?

    <p>Lactobacillus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale dei seguenti generi batterici è classificato come Firmicutes, sporigeni e non sporigeni?

    <p>Bacillus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale di queste affermazioni è VERA riguardo al genere Yersinia?

    <p>I sierotipi patogeni per l'uomo sono tutti appartenenti alle specie <em>Y.pestis</em>, <em>Y.pseudotubercolosis</em> e <em>Y.enterocolitica</em>. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale tra questi è il principale reservoir dei sierotipi patogeni per l'uomo del genere Yersinia?

    <p>Le tonsille dei suini. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale caratteristica NON è associata al genere Yersinia?

    <p>Forma di resistenza endospore. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale di queste condizioni favorisce la sopravvivenza dei batteri Yersinia?

    <p>Temperature basse. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale delle seguenti affermazioni è FALSA riguardo alle Yersinia?

    <p>La biovariante 1° è associata ai ceppi patogeni per l'uomo. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Enterobacteriaceae

    Familia di batteri che include sia patogeni che non patogeni, come Yersinia.

    Genere Yersinia

    Comprende 11 specie, alcune delle quali sono patogene per l'uomo.

    Biovariante 1A, 1B, 2, 3, 4 e 5

    Biotipi importanti per la patogenicità umana, classificati secondo il sierotipo O:3.

    Habitat Yersinia

    Microrganismo ubiquitario, trovato in acque, sporco e intestino di animali a sangue caldo.

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    Reservoir patogeni

    Il principale serbatoio dei sierotipi patogeni è la tonsilla del maiale.

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    Patogeni Gram-negativi

    Batteri che perdono il colorante violetto durante la colorazione di Gram.

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    Proteobacteria

    Phylum di batteri gram-negativi comprendente diverse classi.

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    Enterobacter

    Genere di batteri enterici gram-negativi.

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    E. coli

    Specie di batteri gram-negativi del genere Escherichia.

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    Salmonella

    Specie di batteri gram-negativi che causano malattie alimentari.

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    Shigella

    Batterio gram-negativo responsabile della dissenteria.

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    Yersinia

    Genere di batteri gram-negativi, noto per il peste.

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    Vibrio

    Genere di batteri gram-negativi a forma di virgola, spesso associato al mare.

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    Campylobacter

    Batterio gram-negativo, principale causa di gastroenterite.

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    Clostridium

    Genere di batteri gram-positivi sporigeni, non gram-negativi.

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    Study Notes

    Professor and Topic

    • Professor: Maria Luisa Savo Sardaro
    • Topic: Gram-negative pathogens 2

    Gram-Negative Pathogens: Enteric Bacteria

    • Gram-negative bacteria are categorized by their characteristics, such as the presence or absence of a cell wall.
    • Phylum, group and genus of bacteria are presented with different classification methods.
    • Some gram-negative bacteria are shown to be important pathogens, while others are not.

    Yersinia

    • Family: Enterobacteriaceae
    • Genus: Yersinia
    • Species: 11 species are discussed.
    • Pathogenic serotypes are found in specific species of the Yersinia genus.
    • Y.pestis, Y.pseudotubercolosis and Y.enterocolitica are examples of species causing different diseases, such as the bubonic plague.

    Classification

    • The pathogens are divided into 30 subgroups based on biochemical activity and antigen.
    • Important pathogenic biotypes belong to biovariants 1A, 1B, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of serotype 0:3.
    • Biovariant 1 is often found in water and environmental samples.

    Habitat

    • Yersinia is ubiquitous in different environments.
    • It is found in water, the intestines of warm-blooded animals, including pigs (tonsils, intestines).
    • It can withstand cold temperatures and is present in environmental isolates like lakes, ponds, and even food like ice cream.

    Growth Conditions

    • The minimum growth temperature is -1.3 °C.
    • The optimum range is 25-37 °C.
    • The maximum temperature is 42°C.
    • Optimum pH range is 7.2.
    • The maximum pH is 9.6
    • Yersinia is a psychrotrophic pathogen, meaning it can grow at low temperatures.

    Pathogenicity

    • Not all serotypes are pathogenic.
    • Pathogenicity is linked to adherence, invasion of intestinal epithelial cells, bacterial proliferation, and interaction with the host's immune system.
    • Enterotoxin is another factor in the pathogenicity of Yersinia species, but its exact role in the disease may not be fully understood.

    Diseases

    • Yersinia causes gastroenteritis or symptoms similar to appendicitis.
    • Incubation period varies from 1 to 11 days, with typical symptoms lasting 5 to 14 days. The illness can occasionally last for months.
    • Common symptoms include abdominal pain, diarrhoea, fever, nausea, vomiting, and headache.

    Food Transmission

    • Infection occurs through ingestion of contaminated food, particularly pork products.
    • Exposure to infected animals during processing can cause food contamination.
    • Raw milk and dairy products are also potential sources of infection.
    • Cooked food is a safer source of consuming Yersinia.

    Prevention

    • Avoiding raw or undercooked meat is crucial to prevent infection.
    • Thorough cooking, pasteurisation are vital methods to destroy the bacteria.
    • Proper food hygiene practices and sanitary procedures are essential during food processing and preparation, especially for contaminated meats and dairy products

    Escherichia Coli

    • E. coli is another gram-negative bacterium, and some strains are pathogenic.
    • The specific details regarding the different types of E. coli and the possible effects are discussed in further sections of the study material.

    E. coli Enteropathogenic (EPEC)

    • The earliest type of pathogenic E.coli discovered.
    • Pathogenic properties related to adhesion factors.
    • The infecting agent damages the intestinal villi tissue.
    • Common in infants, causing diarrhoea.

    E. coli Enteroinvasive (EIEC)

    • Similar properties and pathogenic characteristics to Shigella.
    • Enters and damages the colon lining
    • Associated with fever and bloody diarrhoea.

    E. coli Enterotoxigenic (ETEC)

    • Associated with traveller's diarrhoea.
    • Produces toxins which alter the electrolyte balance, resulting in diarrhoea
    • Symptoms are primarily diarrhoea, lasting for a brief period.

    E. coli Enterohaemorrhagic (EHEC)

    • Produces shiga-like toxins.
    • Related to severe illness and is associated with bloody diarrhoea.
    • Contaminated food sources need careful consideration
    • Related to a form of food posioning.

    E. coli Enterobacter Sakazakii

    • A pathogenic E. coli strain causing serious illness.
    • Mainly affecting newborn babies.
    • Can cause chronic illness.
    • Related to contaminated food products like powdered milk.

    Growth Characteristics

    • Minimum temperature for growth is around 5°C.
    • Maximum temperature for growth is 45°C.
    • Yersinia has a remarkable ability to resist drying and survive harsh conditions.

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    Description

    Questo quiz esplora la classificazione dei batteri, concentrandosi sulle loro famiglie e generi, come Proteobacteria e Firmicutes. Le domande riguardano le caratteristiche specifiche e i reservoirs dei batteri patogeni, in particolare del genere Yersinia. Mettiti alla prova sulla tua conoscenza della microbiologia!

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