Basics of I.C. Engines

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What type of engine uses the combustion of air and fuel inside the cylinder as the direct motive force?

Reciprocating engine (correct)

External combustion engine

Gas turbine

Steam engine

Which type of engine transfers the products of combustion to a second fluid, which is the working fluid of the cycle?

Steam engine

Diesel engine

Gas engine

Closed cycle gas turbine (correct)

What type of engine employs the heat of combustion in an external furnace transferred to a gas, usually air, as the working fluid of the cycle?

Reciprocating engine

Alcohol engine

Four-stroke engine

Rotary engine (correct)

Which type of engine is classified based on the number of strokes per cycle as four-stroke and two-stroke?

Reciprocating engine Signup and view all the answers

In which type of engine is the heat of combustion employed to generate steam for useful work?

Steam engine Signup and view all the answers

Which type of engine uses a closed cycle system where heat is transferred to gas, usually air, which acts as the working fluid?

External combustion engine Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of two-stroke engines?

Contains ports arrangement Signup and view all the answers

In which engines is a spark plug used for ignition?

Gasoline engines Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of diesel engines compared to gasoline engines?

Lower self-ignition temperature Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cycle is commonly used in SI engines?

Otto cycle Signup and view all the answers

What is the compression ratio range for gasoline engines?

6 to 10.5 Signup and view all the answers

Why is the air-cycle approximation used in internal combustion engine analysis?

To simplify complex engine problems Signup and view all the answers

What type of heat addition does the Otto Cycle operate with?

Isochoric heat addition Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic leads to the higher maximum efficiency in CI engines compared to SI engines?

Higher compression ratio Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a flywheel in an internal combustion engine?

To maintain constant speed by storing excess energy Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a crankshaft in an internal combustion engine?

To convert reciprocating motion of the piston into rotary motion Signup and view all the answers

What is the material commonly used for manufacturing connecting rods in internal combustion engines?

Aluminium alloys Signup and view all the answers

What defines the top dead centre (TDC) in an internal combustion engine?

When the piston is farthest from the crankshaft Signup and view all the answers

What does the compression ratio of an engine refer to?

The ratio of swept volume to clearance volume Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between a four-stroke and a two-stroke engine?

Number of power strokes per revolution Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the nominal inner diameter of the working cylinder?

Cylinder bore Signup and view all the answers

What role does the crank case play in an internal combustion engine?

Serves as a sump for lubricating oil Signup and view all the answers

'Swept volume' in an internal combustion engine refers to:

"Nominal volume generated by the working piston" Signup and view all the answers

What is the expansion ratio also known as in the Otto cycle?

Pressure ratio Signup and view all the answers

In the air standard efficiency formula for an Otto cycle, what does the term W represent?

Work done by the system Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic gas constant in terms of specific heat values?

R = Cp - Cv Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the specific heat values for air as temperature increases above 1500 K?

Increases much more rapidly Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason behind the increase in specific heat with temperature?

Increase in energy required for motion of atoms within molecules Signup and view all the answers

What is the value of the difference between Cp and Cv for air at 300 K?

-0.288 kJ/kg K Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between an external combustion engine and an internal combustion engine?

The combustion of air-fuel happens inside the engine cylinder in an internal combustion engine. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key advantage of internal combustion engines over external combustion engines?

Lower requirement of water for dissipation of energy Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a piston in a reciprocating IC engine?

To convert reciprocating motion into circular motion Signup and view all the answers

What material is commonly used to make pistons in IC engines due to its heat conducting property?

Aluminium alloy Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the IC engine provides an air-tight seal to prevent leakage of burnt gases into the lower portion?

Piston rings Signup and view all the answers

In a multi-cylinder engine, how are cylinders typically cast?

In one block known as a cylinder block Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a cylinder head in an IC engine?

To cover the top end of the cylinder and house components like valves or injectors Signup and view all the answers

What type of rings are housed in circumferential grooves on the outer surface of a piston in an IC engine?

Compression and exhaust rings Signup and view all the answers

What converts the reciprocating motion of the piston into circular motion of the crankshaft in an IC engine?

'U' shaped connecting rod Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant difference between compression ignition engines and spark ignition engines?

Compression ignition engines rely on fuel injected into the cylinder just before ignition. Signup and view all the answers

What does the thermal efficiency of the Otto cycle depend on?

Compression ratio and ratio of specific heats Signup and view all the answers

In the Otto cycle, when isentropic processes 1?2 and 3?4 are considered, what is the relationship between T4/T3 and T1/T2?

T4/T3 = T1/T2 Signup and view all the answers

What factor can increase the efficiency of the Otto cycle according to the given text?

Increasing the compression ratio Signup and view all the answers

Which parameter has no direct impact on the thermal efficiency of the Otto cycle based on the information provided?

Pressure ratio Signup and view all the answers

What is the expression for the net work output in an Otto cycle as per the given equations?

(p3V3 - p4V4/x - 1) - (p2V2 - p1V1/x - 1) Signup and view all the answers

What does the thermal efficiency of the Otto cycle primarily rely on?

Temperature differences at different points in the cycle Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between T2 and T1 in the process 1?2 with constant specific heats?

T2 = T1(v1/v2)^(-1) Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of expansion at constant specific heats instead of variable specific heat in the process 3' 4''?

T4'' is higher than T4' Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the maximum temperature and pressure in internal combustion engines due to heat transfer to the cooling medium?

Maximum temperature and pressure decrease Signup and view all the answers

At what temperature does dissociation of CO2 into CO and O2 start occurring?

Around 1000°C Signup and view all the answers

What inhibits the dissociation of CO2 into CO and O2 in gases?

Presence of CO and O2 Signup and view all the answers

What chemical process occurs when dissociation takes place?

Disintegration Signup and view all the answers

How does dissociation affect the maximum temperature in exhaust gas mixtures?

Reduces it Signup and view all the answers

Which mixture ratio results in maximum brake power output according to the text?

Stoichiometric mixture Signup and view all the answers

What effect does dissociation have on the p-V diagram of the Otto cycle?

Reduces the maximum pressure reached Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for dissociation effects being less pronounced in a Compression Ignition (CI) engine compared to a Spark Ignition (SI) engine?

Heterogeneous mixture presence Signup and view all the answers

How do friction losses affect engine efficiency?

Cause a loss of energy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common type of loss in Internal Combustion (IC) engines that contributes to environmental pollution?

Incomplete Combustion Signup and view all the answers

What happens during process 2?3 in the Otto cycle?

Heat supplied reversibly at constant volume Signup and view all the answers

Which loss is caused by combustion gases leaking past the piston rings into the crankcase?

Blowby Losses Signup and view all the answers

How do accessory losses impact engine performance?

Contribute to additional losses Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of isentropic compression in the Otto cycle?

Compression of air Signup and view all the answers

Why is efficient heat management crucial in Internal Combustion (IC) engines?

To minimize heat losses Signup and view all the answers

How does incomplete combustion affect Internal Combustion (IC) engines?

Results in unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide emission Signup and view all the answers

What effect does reassociation have on the expansion process in an Internal Combustion (IC) engine?

Results in a different path of expansion Signup and view all the answers

Basics of I.C. Engines

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Questions and Answers

What type of engine uses the combustion of air and fuel inside the cylinder as the direct motive force?

Which type of engine transfers the products of combustion to a second fluid, which is the working fluid of the cycle?

What type of engine employs the heat of combustion in an external furnace transferred to a gas, usually air, as the working fluid of the cycle?

Which type of engine is classified based on the number of strokes per cycle as four-stroke and two-stroke?

In which type of engine is the heat of combustion employed to generate steam for useful work?

Which type of engine uses a closed cycle system where heat is transferred to gas, usually air, which acts as the working fluid?

What is a common characteristic of two-stroke engines?

In which engines is a spark plug used for ignition?

What is a distinguishing feature of diesel engines compared to gasoline engines?

Which type of cycle is commonly used in SI engines?

What is the compression ratio range for gasoline engines?

Why is the air-cycle approximation used in internal combustion engine analysis?

What type of heat addition does the Otto Cycle operate with?

What characteristic leads to the higher maximum efficiency in CI engines compared to SI engines?

What is the purpose of a flywheel in an internal combustion engine?

What is the function of a crankshaft in an internal combustion engine?

What is the material commonly used for manufacturing connecting rods in internal combustion engines?

What defines the top dead centre (TDC) in an internal combustion engine?

What does the compression ratio of an engine refer to?

What is the primary difference between a four-stroke and a two-stroke engine?

Which term describes the nominal inner diameter of the working cylinder?

What role does the crank case play in an internal combustion engine?

'Swept volume' in an internal combustion engine refers to:

What is the expansion ratio also known as in the Otto cycle?

In the air standard efficiency formula for an Otto cycle, what does the term W represent?

What is the characteristic gas constant in terms of specific heat values?

What happens to the specific heat values for air as temperature increases above 1500 K?

What is the reason behind the increase in specific heat with temperature?

What is the value of the difference between Cp and Cv for air at 300 K?

What is the primary difference between an external combustion engine and an internal combustion engine?

What is a key advantage of internal combustion engines over external combustion engines?

What is the primary function of a piston in a reciprocating IC engine?

What material is commonly used to make pistons in IC engines due to its heat conducting property?

Which component of the IC engine provides an air-tight seal to prevent leakage of burnt gases into the lower portion?

In a multi-cylinder engine, how are cylinders typically cast?

What is the role of a cylinder head in an IC engine?

What type of rings are housed in circumferential grooves on the outer surface of a piston in an IC engine?

What converts the reciprocating motion of the piston into circular motion of the crankshaft in an IC engine?

What is a significant difference between compression ignition engines and spark ignition engines?

What does the thermal efficiency of the Otto cycle depend on?

In the Otto cycle, when isentropic processes 1?2 and 3?4 are considered, what is the relationship between T4/T3 and T1/T2?

What factor can increase the efficiency of the Otto cycle according to the given text?

Which parameter has no direct impact on the thermal efficiency of the Otto cycle based on the information provided?

What is the expression for the net work output in an Otto cycle as per the given equations?

What does the thermal efficiency of the Otto cycle primarily rely on?

What is the relationship between T2 and T1 in the process 1?2 with constant specific heats?

What is the consequence of expansion at constant specific heats instead of variable specific heat in the process 3' 4''?

What happens to the maximum temperature and pressure in internal combustion engines due to heat transfer to the cooling medium?

At what temperature does dissociation of CO2 into CO and O2 start occurring?

What inhibits the dissociation of CO2 into CO and O2 in gases?

What chemical process occurs when dissociation takes place?

How does dissociation affect the maximum temperature in exhaust gas mixtures?

Which mixture ratio results in maximum brake power output according to the text?

What effect does dissociation have on the p-V diagram of the Otto cycle?

What is the main reason for dissociation effects being less pronounced in a Compression Ignition (CI) engine compared to a Spark Ignition (SI) engine?

How do friction losses affect engine efficiency?

Which of the following is a common type of loss in Internal Combustion (IC) engines that contributes to environmental pollution?

What happens during process 2?3 in the Otto cycle?

Which loss is caused by combustion gases leaking past the piston rings into the crankcase?

How do accessory losses impact engine performance?

What is the primary purpose of isentropic compression in the Otto cycle?

Why is efficient heat management crucial in Internal Combustion (IC) engines?

How does incomplete combustion affect Internal Combustion (IC) engines?

What effect does reassociation have on the expansion process in an Internal Combustion (IC) engine?

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