Basics of Chemistry Overview

Science that deals with the composition, structures, and properties of matter, and how matter changes under different conditions.

Rapid oxidation of a substance, accompanied by the production of heat and light.

A chemical combination of two or more atoms of different elements in definite (fixed) proportions.

<p>The simplest form of chemical matter; an element cannot be broken down into a simpler substance without loss of identity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Molecule containing two or more atoms of the same element in definite (fixed) proportions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An ingredient that brings two normally incompatible materials together and binds them into a uniform and fairly stable blend.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An unstable physical mixture of two or more immiscible substances plus a special ingredient called an emulsifier.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemical reactions that release a significant amount of heat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sweet, colorless, oily substance used as a solvent and as a moisturizer in skin and body creams.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liquids that are not capable of being mixed together to form stable solutions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The study of substances that do not contain the element carbon, but may contain the element hydrogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The separation of an atom or molecule into positive and negative ions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Having an affinity for or an attraction to fat and oils (oil-loving).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Any substance that occupies space and has mass (weight).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liquids that are mutually soluble, meaning that they can be mixed together to form stable solutions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A chemical combination of two or more atoms in definite (fixed) proportions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abbreviated O/W emulsion; oil droplets emulsified in water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The study of substances that contain the element carbon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A chemical reaction that combines a substance with oxygen to produce an oxide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A chemical reaction in which the oxidizing agent is reduced (by losing oxygen) and the reducing agent is oxidized (by gaining oxygen).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Substance that releases oxygen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The abbreviation used for potential hydrogen; pH represents the quantity of hydrogen ions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A measure of the acidity and alkalinity of a substance; the pH scale has a range of 0-14, with 7 being neutral.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A physical combination of matter in any proportions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Characteristics that can be determined without a chemical reaction and that do not cause a chemical change in the substance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A chemical combination of matter in definite (fixed) proportions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A substance that adds hydrogen to a chemical compound or subtracts oxygen from the compound.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The process through which oxygen is subtracted from or hydrogen is added to a substance through a chemical reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A chemical reaction in which oxygen is subtracted from or hydrogen is added to a substance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Special type of oil used in hair conditioners, water-resistant lubricants for the skin, and nail polish dryers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The substance that is dissolved in a solution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A stable physical mixture of two or more substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A stable physical mixture of two or more substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three different physical forms of matter - solid, liquid, and gas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A contraction of surface active agents; substances that allow oil and water to mix, or emulsify.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unstable physical mixtures of undissolved particles in a liquid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A colorless liquid or white crystals with a strong unpleasant odor that is used in permanent waving solutions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alcohols that evaporate easily.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Compounds that contain carbon (organic) and evaporate very easily (volatile).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abbreviated W/O emulsion; water droplets are emulsified in oil.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To understand products used on clients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organic contains carbon, inorganic doesn't.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A solution that has a pH below 7.0 (neutral).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A solution that has a pH above 7.0 (neutral).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Compounds that react with acids to form salts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alkaline substances used to neutralize acids or raise the pH of many hair products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acids derived from plants (mostly fruit) that are often used to exfoliate the skin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Colorless gas with a pungent odor that is composed of hydrogen and nitrogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An ion with a negative electrical charge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The smallest chemical components of an element; structures that make up the element and have the same properties of the element.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An ion with a positive electrical charge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A change in the chemical composition or make-up of a substance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Characteristics that can only be determined by a chemical reaction and a chemical change in the substance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>O2 = Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CO2 = Carbon Dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Iron to rust</p> Signup and view all the answers