Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which sentence structure uses the pattern 'N be Adj'?
Which sentence structure uses the pattern 'N be Adj'?
Which of the following sentences exemplifies the structure 'N1 TrV N2 N3'?
Which of the following sentences exemplifies the structure 'N1 TrV N2 N3'?
What does the structure 'N be UW' imply when used in a sentence?
What does the structure 'N be UW' imply when used in a sentence?
Identify the sentence that follows the 'N1 TrV N2' structure.
Identify the sentence that follows the 'N1 TrV N2' structure.
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Which sentence demonstrates the 'N1 be N1' structure?
Which sentence demonstrates the 'N1 be N1' structure?
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Which sentence uses the 'N InV' structure correctly?
Which sentence uses the 'N InV' structure correctly?
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What is the main characteristic of the structure 'N be UW'?
What is the main characteristic of the structure 'N be UW'?
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Which of the following does NOT represent a correct use of the 'N be Adj' structure?
Which of the following does NOT represent a correct use of the 'N be Adj' structure?
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Which verb form is correct in this sentence: 'A number of students _____ attending the seminar.'?
Which verb form is correct in this sentence: 'A number of students _____ attending the seminar.'?
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What verb form should be used in the sentence: 'Five hundred dollars _____ a substantial amount for the charity.'?
What verb form should be used in the sentence: 'Five hundred dollars _____ a substantial amount for the charity.'?
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Which statement correctly applies the proximity rule for subject-verb agreement?
Which statement correctly applies the proximity rule for subject-verb agreement?
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Which of the following sentences correctly applies singular verb agreement?
Which of the following sentences correctly applies singular verb agreement?
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In the sentence 'Does your brother usually _____ to work?', which verb correctly fits?
In the sentence 'Does your brother usually _____ to work?', which verb correctly fits?
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Which of the following must be true about a quantified subject that uses 'a lot of'?
Which of the following must be true about a quantified subject that uses 'a lot of'?
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Which sentence uses the correct verb form with the collective noun?
Which sentence uses the correct verb form with the collective noun?
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What is the correct verb form for the sentence: 'Seven days _____ a week.'?
What is the correct verb form for the sentence: 'Seven days _____ a week.'?
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What do structuralists primarily focus on when analyzing language?
What do structuralists primarily focus on when analyzing language?
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Why is speech considered primary in language according to linguists?
Why is speech considered primary in language according to linguists?
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In the structure of language, how are sounds arranged?
In the structure of language, how are sounds arranged?
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What does the sentence structure ‘Shen bought a new novel’ illustrate?
What does the sentence structure ‘Shen bought a new novel’ illustrate?
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What constitutes the building blocks of meaning in language?
What constitutes the building blocks of meaning in language?
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Which of the following combinations is allowed at the beginning of English words?
Which of the following combinations is allowed at the beginning of English words?
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What is the primary medium of language as emphasized by structuralists?
What is the primary medium of language as emphasized by structuralists?
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Which statement about languages without written forms is true?
Which statement about languages without written forms is true?
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Which of the following is an example of a true modal auxiliary?
Which of the following is an example of a true modal auxiliary?
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What is a distinguishing feature of phrasal modals compared to true modals?
What is a distinguishing feature of phrasal modals compared to true modals?
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Which of the following auxiliary verbs is a non-modal auxiliary?
Which of the following auxiliary verbs is a non-modal auxiliary?
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Which verb phrase illustrates a correct use of a modal auxiliary?
Which verb phrase illustrates a correct use of a modal auxiliary?
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What function does the operator verb perform in a sentence?
What function does the operator verb perform in a sentence?
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Which sentence correctly illustrates subject-verb agreement?
Which sentence correctly illustrates subject-verb agreement?
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Which of the following sentences contains a phrasal modal?
Which of the following sentences contains a phrasal modal?
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Which of the following pairs illustrates the difference between a true modal and a phrasal modal?
Which of the following pairs illustrates the difference between a true modal and a phrasal modal?
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What do comparative forms of adjectives typically indicate?
What do comparative forms of adjectives typically indicate?
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Which of the following is NOT an example of an absolute adjective?
Which of the following is NOT an example of an absolute adjective?
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What is the primary distinction between language acquisition and language learning?
What is the primary distinction between language acquisition and language learning?
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Which adverbial form modifies verbs?
Which adverbial form modifies verbs?
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According to the natural order hypothesis, which grammatical structures are acquired first?
According to the natural order hypothesis, which grammatical structures are acquired first?
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What is the correct order of adjectives in the noun group ‘many beautiful blue antique vases’?
What is the correct order of adjectives in the noun group ‘many beautiful blue antique vases’?
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What does the monitor hypothesis suggest about the role of conscious learning?
What does the monitor hypothesis suggest about the role of conscious learning?
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Which suffix is commonly used to form adverbs from adjectives?
Which suffix is commonly used to form adverbs from adjectives?
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Under what conditions does monitoring typically occur according to Krashen?
Under what conditions does monitoring typically occur according to Krashen?
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Which type of adverb answers the question ‘how often?’
Which type of adverb answers the question ‘how often?’
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How does language acquisition compare to first language development in children?
How does language acquisition compare to first language development in children?
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What is an example of an adverbial phrase?
What is an example of an adverbial phrase?
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Which of the following is NOT a group mentioned in the natural order of grammatical structure acquisition?
Which of the following is NOT a group mentioned in the natural order of grammatical structure acquisition?
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Which of the following constructions is used to show two things are similar?
Which of the following constructions is used to show two things are similar?
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What is a key characteristic of the language learning process?
What is a key characteristic of the language learning process?
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Which aspect is mainly unconscious during language acquisition?
Which aspect is mainly unconscious during language acquisition?
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Study Notes
Basic Sentence Patterns in English
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Pattern 1 (N be Adj): A subject (noun) is described using a predicate adjective (adjective). The adjective describes the subject. Example: Roses are sweet.
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Pattern 2 (N be UW): A subject (noun) is located or identified with an adverbial (words like 'here', 'yesterday'). Example: The meeting was yesterday.
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Pattern 3 (N1 be N1): Two nouns refer to the same person/thing. The second noun is a predicate nominative, substituting for the subject. Example: Her neighbor is my cousin.
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Pattern 4 (N InV): A subject (noun) performs an intransitive verb (a verb that doesn't need an object). Example: Glasses break.
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Pattern 5 (N1 TrV N2): A subject (noun) performs an action on a direct object. Example: The girl buys yellow roses.
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Pattern 6 (N1 TrV N2 N3): A subject performs an action on two objects. N2 is the direct object, and N3 is the indirect object. Example: Mother gave a gift to the orphan (indirect object). This pattern can also be inverted: Mother gave the orphan a gift.
Verb Phrases/Verb Complexes
- Verb Phrases: Consist of an auxiliary (helping) verb + main verb. Examples: must work, have been reading, will be informed.
Auxiliary/Helping Verbs
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Modal Auxiliaries: Words like can, could, will, shall, must, should, ought to, would, may, might. They are special auxiliary verbs that don't change form.
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Phrasal Modals: Phrases like be able to, be going to, have to, be supposed to, etc. These usually change form like other verbs.
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Non-Modal Auxiliaries: be, do, have. These are auxiliary verbs that change form.
Operators/Operator Verbs
- Operators: Verbs that precede negatives in contractions, move to the front of the sentence in questions, and appear in tag questions (e.g., "My father will not approve...", "Does your father usually...?").
Subject-Verb Agreement with Numbers
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Plural with Number + Noun: When a number is paired with a plural noun describing multiple things, the verb is plural. Example: "A number of parents are coming."
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Singular with Number + Noun: When a number describes a single amount, a single concept, or a total quantity, the verb is singular (e.g., money, time, distance). Example: "Five hundred dollars is a lot of money."
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Singular with Arithmetic Operations: Arithmetic operations (e.g., addition, subtraction) are considered singular entities. Thus, "Two plus two equals four" is grammatically correct.
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Quantifiers: "A lot," "lots of," and "plenty of" can take either singular or plural verbs depending if noun is countable/uncountable. With singular nouns, the verb is singular, if plural, then plural.
Other Grammatical Rules
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None: Used as the subject, it's always singular, regardless of what follows. Example: None of the boys joined.
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Either...or/Neither...nor: Agreement depends on the noun closest to the verb. Example: Either my friend or my classmates is expected to help.
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Subject-Verb Agreement: A singular subject takes a singular verb regardless of adjectives or other words between them. Examples: "Jimmy, along with his co-teachers, conducts a cleanliness campaign."
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Question Subjects: Questions might not use subject-verb order. Example: "Does your father usually go jogging?"
Adjectives
- Gradable vs. Absolute Adjectives: Gradable adjectives can be compared. Absolute adjectives (unique, fatal, round) cannot be compared.
Adverbs
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Adverbs: Modify verbs, adjectives, other adverbs, or whole sentences.
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Forms of Adverbs: Adverbs can be clauses, phrases, or single words.
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Types of Adverbs: Adverbs of frequency, time, manner.
Language as a System
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Language is a System: Language has a fixed order regarding sounds and words to create meaningful sentences.
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Language as Vocal/Speech Focused: Speech comes first, written language comes second.
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Language as a System of Systems: Language has structurally related elements (phoneme/sounds, morpheme/words, tagmeme/phrases/clauses) to express meaning.
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Language Acquisition vs Learning: Acquisition is subconscious, learning is focused on the conscious process of gaining knowledge of language.
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Natural Order Hypothesis: Predictable order for acquiring grammar structures.
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Monitor Hypothesis: Conscious grammar learning has a limited function, acting as a monitor to edit.
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Input Hypothesis: Sufficient input is required for language acquisition.
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Description
This quiz covers six fundamental sentence patterns in English. Each pattern illustrates the relationship between nouns, verbs, and adjectives with practical examples. Test your understanding of these essential structures!
