Basic Information Technologies

• The following are study notes on various computing and information technology related topics.

Basic Information Technologies

• A computer with a modem can connect to other computers with modems to transfer data.
• The internet is made possible through these computer communication capabilities.
• To send moving images (video) to a distant relative, a computer needs peripherals like a digital camera and a modem.
• Digital cameras help transfer moving images into the computer's memory.
• Modems are used to send stored images to another computer.
• An inch (inç) is a unit of length, where 1 inch equals 2.4 cm.

Golden Classrooms: Fundamental Information Technologies

• Scanners are usually connected to computers via a parallel port, which is also used by printers.
• Scanners and printers can be connected to the computer one after the other.
• To process audio, a personal computer needs additional hardware and a sound card and a basic speaker are typically enough now, allowing one to listen to music.
• Sound systems are available for higher-quality audio.
• Microphones are needed to input recorded sounds into a computer with varying sensitivity.
• Digital cameras are essential for processing moving images, to digitize and transfer video to a computer.
• Television broadcasts can be integrated by means of a TV tuner card into a computer.
• TV tuner cards allow computers to work as TV receivers.
• The quality of TV images depends on the TV tuner card.
• Modems facilitate data transfer between computers using telephone lines.
• A computer can connect to communication networks via telephone lines.
• Modems are classified by the amount of data they can transfer per second.
• Data transfer depends on both modem and telephone line capacity.
• In Turkey, 56 KB modems which transfer 56 KB of data per second are most suitable for available infrastructure.
• Modems allow the computer to work as a fax machine, sending and receiving faxes through another fax.
• CD-RWs can be used as reusable storage, like floppy disks.
• DVD stands for Digital Video Disc and are similar to CDs in appearance.
• DVDs can store 20 times more data than CDs, so they are often used for digital storage of films.
• If a computer has the right hardware, it can play DVD movies.
• Computer games may consist of many files of considerable size, including images and sound.
• Large-capacity memory units must be used to store computer games.
• A scanner is a machine which converts images or documents to digital form.

Other Peripherals

• Scanners convert images for use on a computer.
• There are programs to edit pictures, but a scanner is needed to digitize them.
• Scanners are similar to photocopiers, but instead send the copy to the computer's disk, and can scan with sensitivity of up to 1000 dpi.
• The hard disk is directly connected to the processor and main memory.
• The computer can read and modify data on the hard disk.
• The hard disk contains many magnetic platters similar to record players.
• A head reads the tracks on the disk.
• The disk rotates to the correct address.
• Personal computers can connect to multiple hard disks.
• Hard disk capacities can be dozens of GB (gigabytes).
• Floppy disks were the primary auxiliary memory for early personal computers.
• Floppy disks consist of a magnetic disk in a plastic case and are inserted into the computer's floppy drive.
• A floppy disk’s case is square with a cut corner and a 3 1/2 inch disk is 3 and one half inches long on one side.
• A floppy disk has a capacity of 1.44 MB.
• Floppy disks are still useful for transferring small amounts of data.
• A single computer may use thousands of floppy disks for storage.
• A floppy disk drive is connected to the data, address and control lines.
• The front of the drive is accessible on the front of the computer and, once a disk is inserted, the computer treats the floppy as if it was a small, slow hard drive.
• The term CD is a shortening of the text Compact Disc, and can be understood as a faster and higher capacity floppy disc.
• CD's are safer than floppy disks because data retrieval is contactless, using laser beams.
• The 700 MB capacity of CDs are much higher than a floppy disk.
• Reaching a specific address is faster on CD compared to a floppy disk.
• Like floppy disk drives, necessary connections are made inside the computer.
• The screen card directly connects to the processor through the data lines of the main board.
• The display also connects to the screen card which needs to be of sufficient quality to display a suitable display.
• A mouse allows the operator to indicate the points of interest on the screen in varied shapes and so enables the communication of the choice or data to the computer.
• Some screens support certain resolutions or features which the mouse can use, typically in modern computers.
• The mechanical mouse moves a ball when on a surface.
• Movement turns cylinders to indicate movement to the computer which has the desired the effect on the display.
• An optical mouse works by reading the motion on a special pad electronically.
• Other mouse technologies include the trackball, where a ball socketed in the device is moved with the fingers and thumb.

Auxiliary Memory Units.

• Computers need a place to store computer programs, information, source code.
• Saving working documents requires a storage media readable to the system.
• Common storage mediums include hard disks, CDs, DVDs, and tape cartridges.
• Hard disks are standard on modern personal computers although they were not always a feature of computer systems.
• Hard disks can be called "disks" for short.
• Line printers can print an entire line at once.
• Page printers prepare the whole page before printing.
• Page printers can laser, thermal, or inkjet technology.
• The rate that page printers print pages is given in the dots per inch (dpi) measurement.
• A printer with 1200 dpi can print one inch with 1200 dots.
• Printers are connected with a cable connected in parallels to the PC.
• Computers give the results of the processed information to the computer screen.
• Previously computer screens would show characters as the line printers do.
• The screens are made up of a matrix of points, called pixels.
• Modern computers have screens with a matrix of 768 by 1024 and the density is 768x1024 for the screen.
• These screen are made from more than 750,000 points and earlier examples were only green over a black background but later had 16 colours.
• Present displays have billions of possible choices per point on the screen.
• Screen cards enable the computers to process an extremely large number of points that give colour accurately.
• Input-output units, computer's primary unit, let the user add commands to the computer so the computer can send results to the user through instructions.
• Keyboards are based on language as keyboards have been programmed based on words that are frequently used in the particular language.
• The F keyboard has F as the first key on the left and in the keyboards in English have Q on the top left side.
• Line printers were used to work computers and transmit the results to the user.
• Another choice is the dot matrix printers which are slower but were used in many applications for many tasks and these are very old in terms of keyboard.
• Dot matrix printer’s accuracy rests on the number of needles in a line and if the printer produces a line the printer prepares much more understandable print outs that have many restricted possibilities.

Computers and Memory

• Computer memories are measured in bytes.
• 1 byte is 1 character.
• 1 kilobyte (KB) is 1000, and 1 megabyte (MB) is one million bytes.
• Current modern PCs have 128 megabytes of main memory.
• Processors and memory need a continuous exchange of data through data wires.
• The width of wires and data transfer rate are of great important for computer capabilities.
• The wires also move data for each other and these actions require the computers to work congruently so the computers need to check each other when completing the given action.
• The data wires, processor, and memory are the most important factors in the PC.
• Computers today can use many models and marks.
• The main unit has a processor and primary and data routes as well as many side computer parts.
• Processors and primary computers are separated into the three main points.
• The units allow the computer user to enter data into the computer so the computer can inform the user of data to make warnings and use alerts.
• There are two elementary ingredients to creating the units that compose computer.
• Processors and memory are achieved thanks to the speed and capabilities.
• There are limits imposed by elementary constituents of computers.
• The function processes data and basic are stored in a unit or store, where the location and the data are stored.
• Data in the random access module (RAM), is accessible to the use.
• The ROM's (Read Only Memory) is where computer does calculations thanks to what is recorded but nothing is editable.
• Computers process from the primary memory and are a series of combinations of zeros but provide assistance to assist.
• To computer can process data there used to be a clock and how all units can produce at a stable place.
• The fast of the clock determine the speeds of all modern pcs.

Information Technologies and Concepts

• A computer uses many types of machinery that are used to process data.
• The information process can have many stops and doesn't need to use all steps.
• Storing, organising, sharing can be enough at times and the important factor is information that is received from this process and is used for choices to have the effect.
• Any action in the information process has various technologies that can provide what you need to find a type of processing and find the results the students need from the computers. ,
• If an action is needed or too many forms of information must be processed, or data must be quick.
• A process has steps but there several must apply to the rules.
• Technologies can exist in these actions to help take advantage of computers in these scenarios.
• History can be seen as agriculture, or as the hunting eras as well as knowledge of the many actions.
• A framework for the source organisation and organisation also the computer in the present can assist and be understood.
• The current eras is very important and the PC has the means to ensure that its capabilities will take place.
• Computers often compute actions easily as long as we understand how it can be effective and computers share the needed factors for sharing and is effective due its effectiveness.
• It all requires a way for a computer to place an action into a computer which allows the computer to place actions into a computing for the users to access them through computers and for them to get to all the users.
• The storage processes allows the PC to place it into the PC and they have for the computing to have an advantage. However computer are extremely efficient and they are often used when to provide the computing and to make everything efficient.
• They're could is they has no is but what are the other option like internet or the PC system?
• Some processes are used for actions by the human such has how the person.
• The information travels however it makes it way to the end which often ends at the factory!
• The levels are very effective at helping computers process what they need and can be extremely efficient.

General Information

• Concepts which are met in real life: length or height in centimetres can be malumat and the Information equals more to each other in term.
• Information gives a quality for something or in event.
• You can get very good at something because you are very interested to the thing or for something which gives you that effect and these examples.

Information Technologies

• There an be the new album, which is the information and album are a big of information and are of the results something can be provided or is a friend the information of the new album is what happens as a result.
• What is needed to assess is what happened to a great extent and you or a great extent.
• Information in the computing has its source and what they can be for the user the knowledge they are trying to receive.