28 Questions
What is the main function of the immune system in health?
Protect against microbial infections
Which component of the immune system is responsible for recognizing and responding to tissue?
Lymphocytes
In the context of immunity, what do hypersensitivity reactions refer to?
Immune responses against self
Which type of immune response protects the body against infections through antibodies?
Humoral immune response
What is the significance of deficient immunity, such as that seen in AIDS?
Elevated vulnerability to microbial infections
Which component of the immune system plays a key role in the barrier to organ graft transplantation?
Antigen presenting cells
Which defense mechanism helps keep the skin pliable and less likely to break or tear?
Sweat & sebaceous secretions
Which component inhibits the growth of pathogens by drawing water from their cells?
Sweat & sebaceous secretions
Which of the following is a chemical component of the skin's defense?
Lysozymes
What is acidic in the stomach due to HCL, acting as a chemical barrier of innate immunity?
Lysozymes
What is a key characteristic of adaptive immunity related to 'discrimination'?
It can respond specifically to millions of antigens
Which type of immunity involves transferring ready-made antibodies for rapid but short-lasting protection?
Passive immunity
What is the main difference between adaptive and innate immunity?
Innate immunity is present from birth while adaptive is acquired
What is a characteristic of neutrophils in the immune system?
They destroy microbes by producing hydrogen peroxide
Which type of immunity requires a previous exposure to pathogens for effective response?
Active immunity
'Memory' in the context of adaptive immunity refers to:
The ability to respond faster and stronger upon re-exposure to the same antigen
What is the function of lysozyme in the second line of natural defense?
Destroying bacterial cell walls
Which of the following is NOT an acute phase protein involved in the second line of defense?
Interferons (IFNs)
Which cells are involved in the direct phagocytosis of invading microorganisms?
Neutrophils and macrophages
What is the primary step of phagocytosis that involves the movement of phagocytes towards the site of infection?
Chemotaxis and migration
Which protein is responsible for opsonization to enhance the recognition and ingestion of microbes by phagocytes?
Complement
Which cytokine released by activated macrophages stimulates the activation of phagocytosis?
IL-1
What type of immunity is developed following vaccination with a live attenuated or killed infectious agent or their products?
Active immunity
Which component of the adaptive immune response involves B-lymphocytes differentiating into plasma cells that produce specific antibodies?
Humoral immune response
Which type of immunity is characterized by the individual's own antibodies or sensitized lymphocytes being produced on exposure to a foreign antigen?
Active immunity
Which component of the adaptive immune response involves T-lymphocytes interacting with and destroying intracellular bacteria, protozoa, fungi, tumor cells, graft cells, and virus-infected cells?
Cell-mediated immune response
Which type of immunity is characterized by the transfer of pre-formed antibodies or sensitized lymphocytes from an immune individual to a non-immune individual?
Passive immunity
What is the difference between innate and adaptive immunity?
Innate immunity is non-specific and immediate, while adaptive immunity is specific and develops slowly.
This quiz covers topics on basic immunology including Introduction to immunology, innate immunity, acquired immunity, antigens, cells of the immune system, humoral immune response, cell-mediated immune response, cytokines, complement system, and hypersensitivity. Taught by Dr. Radwa Mahmoud Elsharaby, Assistant Professor of Clinical Pathology at Tanta University's Faculty of Medicine.
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