Basic Immunology Course Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the immune system in health?

  • Protect against microbial infections (correct)
  • Facilitate organ graft transplantation
  • Provide hypersensitivity reactions
  • Defend against tumors

Which component of the immune system is responsible for recognizing and responding to tissue?

  • Phagocytes
  • Lymphocytes (correct)
  • Complement system
  • Cytokines

In the context of immunity, what do hypersensitivity reactions refer to?

  • Role in organ graft transplantation
  • Immune responses against self (correct)
  • Cell-mediated immune responses
  • Defensive mechanisms against pathogens

Which type of immune response protects the body against infections through antibodies?

<p>Humoral immune response (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of deficient immunity, such as that seen in AIDS?

<p>Elevated vulnerability to microbial infections (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the immune system plays a key role in the barrier to organ graft transplantation?

<p>Antigen presenting cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which defense mechanism helps keep the skin pliable and less likely to break or tear?

<p>Sweat &amp; sebaceous secretions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component inhibits the growth of pathogens by drawing water from their cells?

<p>Sweat &amp; sebaceous secretions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a chemical component of the skin's defense?

<p>Lysozymes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is acidic in the stomach due to HCL, acting as a chemical barrier of innate immunity?

<p>Lysozymes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of adaptive immunity related to 'discrimination'?

<p>It can respond specifically to millions of antigens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immunity involves transferring ready-made antibodies for rapid but short-lasting protection?

<p>Passive immunity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between adaptive and innate immunity?

<p>Innate immunity is present from birth while adaptive is acquired (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of neutrophils in the immune system?

<p>They destroy microbes by producing hydrogen peroxide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immunity requires a previous exposure to pathogens for effective response?

<p>Active immunity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Memory' in the context of adaptive immunity refers to:

<p>The ability to respond faster and stronger upon re-exposure to the same antigen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lysozyme in the second line of natural defense?

<p>Destroying bacterial cell walls (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an acute phase protein involved in the second line of defense?

<p>Interferons (IFNs) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are involved in the direct phagocytosis of invading microorganisms?

<p>Neutrophils and macrophages (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary step of phagocytosis that involves the movement of phagocytes towards the site of infection?

<p>Chemotaxis and migration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protein is responsible for opsonization to enhance the recognition and ingestion of microbes by phagocytes?

<p>Complement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cytokine released by activated macrophages stimulates the activation of phagocytosis?

<p>IL-1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of immunity is developed following vaccination with a live attenuated or killed infectious agent or their products?

<p>Active immunity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the adaptive immune response involves B-lymphocytes differentiating into plasma cells that produce specific antibodies?

<p>Humoral immune response (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immunity is characterized by the individual's own antibodies or sensitized lymphocytes being produced on exposure to a foreign antigen?

<p>Active immunity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the adaptive immune response involves T-lymphocytes interacting with and destroying intracellular bacteria, protozoa, fungi, tumor cells, graft cells, and virus-infected cells?

<p>Cell-mediated immune response (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immunity is characterized by the transfer of pre-formed antibodies or sensitized lymphocytes from an immune individual to a non-immune individual?

<p>Passive immunity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between innate and adaptive immunity?

<p>Innate immunity is non-specific and immediate, while adaptive immunity is specific and develops slowly. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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