Basic if Statements in Programming

Basic if Statement

• An if statement executes a block of code if a condition is true.
• If the condition is false, the code block is skipped.
• if (condition): The condition is evaluated.
• {...}: Code to be executed if the condition is true.
• Example: If age is 18 or greater, print "You are an adult."

if and else Statement

• The if-else statement allows an alternative path of execution.
• If the condition is true, one block of code is executed.
• If the condition is false, a different block of code is executed.
• if (condition): Code to execute if true
• else: Code to execute if false

if, else if, and else Statement

• This construct handles multiple conditions sequentially.
• If the first if condition is false, the else if conditions are checked.
• If none of the conditions are true, the else block executes.
• if (condition1): code to execute if condition1 is true
• else if (condition2): code to execute if condition1 is false and condition2 is true
• else: code to execute if none of the above conditions are true

Nested if Statements

• Nesting allows for more complex decision-making.
• if statements can be placed inside other if or else blocks.
• Example: Checking age and income to determine loan eligibility.

Ladder of if, else if, and else Statements

• Multiple conditions are checked sequentially.
• The first condition that evaluates to true triggers its associated code block.
• Example: Determining a grade based on a score.

Switch Statement in C++

• A control flow structure to test a variable against a list of values (cases).
• Used as an alternative to multiple if-else statements, particularly when dealing with multiple conditions based on a single variable.
• switch (expression): Evaluates a value.
• case constant:: Block of code executed if the expression matches the constant.
• break: Exits the switch statement after the matching case.
• default: Executed if no case matches the value.
• The expression in a switch statement is typically an integer or enum.

This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of 'if', 'else', and 'else if' statements in programming. You'll explore how these conditional statements help control the flow of code based on specific conditions. Test your understanding of the syntax and practical applications through various examples.