Basic Geography and History

Geography

• Continents: 7 (Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, South America)
• Oceans: 5 (Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic, Southern)
• Largest countries by land area: Russia, Canada, China, USA, Brazil
• Highest mountain: Mount Everest (Nepal/China, 8,848m)
• Longest river: Nile River (Egypt, 6,695km)
• Largest desert: Sahara (Africa, 9,200,000 km²)

History

• Ancient civilizations: Egypt (3100 BCE), Mesopotamia (3500 BCE), Greece (800 BCE), Rome (753 BCE)
• Major world empires: Roman, British, Mongol, Chinese, Ottoman
• Significant events: Renaissance (14th-17th CE), Industrial Revolution (18th-19th CE), World War I (1914-1918), World War II (1939-1945)

Science

• Branches of science: Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Earth Science, Astronomy
• Periodic table: 118 elements, organized by atomic number and properties
• Human body: 206 bones, 5 senses, circulatory, respiratory, nervous systems
• Planets in our solar system: 8 (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune)

Culture

• Major world religions: Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism
• Art movements: Renaissance, Baroque, Romanticism, Impressionism, Modernism
• Famous authors: William Shakespeare, Charles Dickens, Jane Austen, J.K. Rowling
• Musical genres: Classical, Jazz, Rock, Pop, Hip-Hop

Economics

• Economic systems: Capitalism, Socialism, Communism, Mixed economy
• Currencies: USD, EUR, JPY, GBP, CHF
• International organizations: IMF, World Bank, WTO, UN
• Famous economists: Adam Smith, Karl Marx, John Maynard Keynes

Geography

• The 7 continents are: Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America
• The 5 oceans are: Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic, and Southern
• Russia is the largest country by land area, followed by Canada, China, USA, and Brazil
• Mount Everest, located in Nepal and China, is the highest mountain at 8,848m
• The Nile River, located in Egypt, is the longest river at 6,695km
• The Sahara, located in Africa, is the largest desert at 9,200,000 km²

History

• Ancient civilizations emerged in Egypt (3100 BCE), Mesopotamia (3500 BCE), Greece (800 BCE), and Rome (753 BCE)
• The Roman, British, Mongol, Chinese, and Ottoman empires were major world empires
• Significant events include the Renaissance (14th-17th CE), Industrial Revolution (18th-19th CE), World War I (1914-1918), and World War II (1939-1945)

Science

• Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Earth Science, and Astronomy are the main branches of science
• The periodic table consists of 118 elements, organized by atomic number and properties
• The human body consists of 206 bones, 5 senses, and the circulatory, respiratory, and nervous systems
• Our solar system has 8 planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune

Culture

• Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Judaism are the major world religions
• Renaissance, Baroque, Romanticism, Impressionism, and Modernism are notable art movements
• Famous authors include William Shakespeare, Charles Dickens, Jane Austen, and J.K. Rowling
• Classical, Jazz, Rock, Pop, and Hip-Hop are popular musical genres

Economics

• Economic systems include Capitalism, Socialism, Communism, and Mixed economy
• The main currencies are USD, EUR, JPY, GBP, and CHF
• International organizations include IMF, World Bank, WTO, and UN
• Adam Smith, Karl Marx, and John Maynard Keynes are famous economists