Basic Concepts of Feudalism and Capitalism

A set of interconnected ideas that aim to either maintain or change a system.

A group of organized parts working together to achieve a specific goal.

A system where land ownership determines social hierarchy and power. People of lower rank are granted land and protection in exchange for labor and loyalty.

The process where a feudal lord transforms into a bourgeois, leading to changes in the societal structure.

An economic and political system where private individuals control trade and industry for profit.

Shared beliefs, customs, and values that unite a group of people. They are often determined by powerful groups, historical events, and societal norms.

An idea or practice created and accepted by society, even if it doesn't exist naturally. Examples include race, money, gender, and even nations.

The patterns and structures that define how society is organized, influenced by social constructs. For example, a patriarchal society emphasizes male dominance.

The division of society into different groups based on factors like gender, ethnicity, or social class. This often leads to inequality and social stratification.

The breaking down of society into distinct parts, which can contribute to social differentiation and inequality.

A system where individuals or groups are ranked in a hierarchy based on factors like social class, race, or gender. It can create significant inequalities.

The process of ensuring representation of disadvantaged groups in decision-making bodies to promote fairness and equal participation.

The belief that those in positions of power, like the elite, have a significant influence on shaping social structures and institutions.

The fundamental conflict in capitalism where workers collectively create value but only a small group privately profits from that value.

A system where production is owned and controlled by the entire society, aiming for a more equal distribution of wealth and resources.

The transfer of public assets and wealth into the hands of the government, with the goal of managing resources for the benefit of all citizens.

The belief that capitalism is inherently flawed and will inevitably be replaced by socialism due to its inherent contradictions.

The state of the world where one superpower dominates, exerting significant influence over global politics and economics.

The potential shift from a unipolar to a multipolar world, where several powerful nations have significant global influence.

The phenomenon where a single country like the USSR collapses, leaving the dominant system (capitalism) largely unchecked.

The tendency for individuals to adopt beliefs and values of the system they are born into, potentially limiting their perspective.

Systems of governance where the people directly participate in decision-making processes.

A form of participatory democracy where citizens elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf.

A violent process where masses overthrow an existing regime and establish a new government.

Large groups advocating for or preventing social change, aiming for a less radical approach than revolution.

The idea that conflict drives social change due to a struggle between the ruling and working classes.

A framework for social change that focuses on the scarcity of resources and how it motivates people to act.

A framework for social change that emphasizes the impact of economic inequality on social movements.

A framework for social change that focuses on the influence of social structures on social movements.

The existence of tensions or competing interests within a society that can lead to social unrest and mobilization.

Beliefs widely shared by a group relating to the cause of a problem or potential solution. These beliefs often shape social movements.

Specific events or situations that trigger immediate action from people involved in a social movement.

The presence of strong leadership, communication channels, and resources that are essential for a social movement to effectively organize and operate.

The response of authorities to a social movement, which can either suppress or empower the movement.

The underlying set of ideas that form the basis of a social movement, guiding its actions and goals.

The period in history characterized by the dominance of capitalism as the dominant economic and political system, alongside neoliberal ideologies and the rise of consumerism.

The shift in how individuals are valued, moving away from traditional social roles and towards a focus on individual interests and economic success in the market.

A spontaneous and disorganized response to a specific situation, often lacking a collective identity or plan. Examples include fashion trends or technology trends.

A joint action by individuals with a shared goal, often more organized and with a common identity. Examples include protests or boycotts.

The shared values, beliefs, and experiences that bind a group of people together, a common ground for their work and actions. This can foster a sense of solidarity and identity.

The moment individuals decide to join together to achieve a shared interest, often involving a shift from individual behavior to collective action.

The process of understanding and responding to the social behavior of individuals, especially those who may resist change or engage in actions that seem irrational. This allows for more effective engagement and communication.

The analysis of how individual actions and behaviors are shaped by societal structures, norms, and influences. This helps understand the impact of society on individuals and groups.

The ability of individuals or groups to understand and align their actions with collective goals, often by identifying with shared values and goals.

The process of organizing and mobilizing individuals and resources to achieve a shared goal, often with the objective of social or political change.

The combination of collective action and collective identity over a long period of time, with a clear goal for social change.