Basic Concepts in Immunity

The study of immune responses - of the cellular and molecular events that occur after an organism encounters microbes and other foreign macromolecules.

Derived from the Latin word immunitas, which originally meant protection from legal prosecution offered to Roman senators during their tenures in office.

The cells and molecules responsible for immunity, collectively constituting the immune system.

<p>The collective and coordinated response of the immune system to the introduction of foreign substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Defense against infectious microbes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vaccination</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rheumatoid arthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protective immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adaptive immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By repeated exposures to antigen (immunologic memory)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>For the control of allergies, autoimmune disease, and organ rejection</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Each clone of lymphocytes has a unique an4gen receptor, contributing to a diverse total repertoire.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>B lymphocytes secrete antibodies that prevent infections and eliminate extracellular microbes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Memory, specificity, and contraction of adaptive immune responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Memory cells accumulate and become more numerous, reacting more rapidly and vigorously to antigen challenge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Helper T lymphocytes activate macrophages and neutrophils to kill phagocytosed microbes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lymphocytes develop from precursors in the generative lymphoid organs, like the bone marrow and thymus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Memory enables heightened responses to recurring exposure, aiding in combating infections by prevalent microbes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cytotoxic T lymphocytes directly destroy infected cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Memory cells react more rapidly and vigorously than naive lymphocytes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It demonstrates specificity in the immune response, showing that different antigens lead to the production of distinct antibodies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity are induced by different types of lymphocytes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>B lymphocytes originate and mature in the bone marrow, while T lymphocytes originate in the bone marrow and mature in the thymus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>B cells and T cells; they differ in their antigen receptors and functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is initiated by the recognition of foreign antigens by specific lymphocytes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Specialized APCs capture microbial antigens and display them for recognition by lymphocytes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Effector cells work to eliminate the antigen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Memory cells show enhanced responses on subsequent encounters with the antigen, while effector cells work to eliminate the antigen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Humoral immunity, mediated by antibodies secreted by B lymphocytes.</p> Signup and view all the answers