Basic Chemistry Concepts

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Questions and Answers

What defines an element?

  • It can exist in multiple forms.
  • It consists of both protons and neutrons.
  • It can be broken down into simpler substances.
  • It is the simplest form of matter. (correct)

What is the atomic number indicative of?

  • The total number of protons in the nucleus. (correct)
  • The sum of protons and neutrons.
  • The total number of electrons present.
  • The total number of neutrons in an atom.

What happens when the number of protons in an atom changes?

  • The atom stabilizes by losing electrons.
  • The atom changes its ion charge.
  • The atom becomes an isotope.
  • The atom transforms into a different element. (correct)

What type of bond involves the sharing of electrons?

<p>Covalent bond. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is pH related to hydrogen ions in a solution?

<p>It is logarithmic in nature. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following compounds represents a covalent bond?

<p>H2O. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is created when there is a change in the number of neutrons in an atom?

<p>An isotope. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the atomic mass and the atomic number?

<p>Atomic mass is the sum of protons and neutrons. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about ionic bonds?

<p>Ionic bonds involve the donation of electrons. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the pH scale signify when indicating a pH of 7?

<p>The solution is neutral. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does an atom become when it has a charge other than neutral?

<p>Ion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many protons and electrons does a stable atom possess?

<p>Equal number (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly identifies a neutron?

<p>No charge, found in the nucleus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is formed when two or more elements are chemically bound together?

<p>Compound (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines the stability of an isotope?

<p>Number of neutrons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes an ionic bond?

<p>One atom donates an electron (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would you find in the periodic table above an element's symbol?

<p>Atomic number (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What indicates that a solution has a pH of 4?

<p>10 times more acidic than pH 5 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How would you describe the amassing of multiple water molecules (H2O) in a sample?

<p>Molecules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the atomic mass is true?

<p>It represents the sum of protons and neutrons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What change occurs when the number of electrons in an atom varies?

<p>The atom becomes an ion. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about isotopes?

<p>Isotopes have the same number of protons but different neutrons. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What information does the atomic mass of an element provide?

<p>Sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many molecules are represented by 5H2O?

<p>Five water molecules. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which compound is an example of an ionic bond?

<p>NaCl (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does an increase in one unit on the pH scale indicate?

<p>A decrease in the concentration of free hydrogen ions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a molecule in a compound?

<p>It is the smallest functional unit of that compound. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of protons?

<p>They contribute to the atomic mass. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When two elements combine to form a compound, what happens to their individual properties?

<p>They combine to form a new set of properties. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the neutral charge of an atom dependent on?

<p>Equal number of protons and electrons. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Element

The simplest form of matter, cannot be broken down into simpler substances.

Atom

Smallest unit of an element, made of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Proton

Positively charged particle in the atom's nucleus.

Neutron

Neutral particle in the atom's nucleus, same size as proton.

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Electron

Negatively charged particle orbiting the nucleus.

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Atomic Number

Number of protons in an atom's nucleus, equals number of electrons in a stable atom.

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Atomic Mass

Sum of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.

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Ion

Atom with a charge (different number of electrons than protons).

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Isotope

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.

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Compound

Two or more elements bonded together.

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Element

The simplest form of matter that can't be broken down further.

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Atom

The basic unit of an element, composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

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Atomic Number

Number of protons in an atom, defining the element.

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Atomic Mass

Total of protons and neutrons in an atom.

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Isotope

Atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons.

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Compound

Two or more elements chemically bonded together.

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Ionic Bond

Chemical bond formed by electron transfer between atoms.

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Covalent Bond

Chemical bond formed by electron sharing between atoms.

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Molecule

The smallest unit of a compound.

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pH Scale

Measures acidity or basicity of a solution (logarithmic).

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Element

Simplest form of matter, can't be broken down further.

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Atomic Number

Number of protons in an atom, unique to each element.

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Atomic Mass

Sum of protons and neutrons.

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Ion

Charged atom (different number of electrons and protons).

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Isotope

Same element, different number of neutrons.

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Compound

Two or more elements bonded together.

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Ionic Bond

Electron transfer forms the bond; opposite charges attract.

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Covalent Bond

Electron sharing forms the bond.

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Molecule

Smallest functional unit of a compound.

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pH Scale

Measures acidity/basicity of solution, logarithmic scale.

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Study Notes

Basic Chemistry

  • Elements are the simplest form of matter, indivisible
  • The periodic table lists 120 known elements, each with its symbol (e.g., Au for gold)
  • Elements are composed of atoms
  • Atoms consist of:
    • Protons: Positively charged, located in the nucleus
    • Neutrons: No charge, located in the nucleus, similar size to protons
    • Electrons: Negatively charged, orbit the nucleus, very small
  • Atomic number: The number above the element's symbol, representing the number of protons (and in a stable atom, the number of electrons)
  • Atomic mass: The number below the symbol, representing the total number of protons and neutrons
  • To calculate the number of neutrons, subtract the atomic number from the atomic mass
  • Changing the number of electrons alters the charge (creating an ion), but the element remains the same
  • Changing the number of protons changes the element
  • Changing the number of neutrons creates an isotope. Isotopes are usually unstable and radioactive
  • Compounds are formed when two or more elements bond together (e.g., Hâ‚‚O, COâ‚‚, NaCl)
  • Types of bonds:
    • Ionic bonds: One atom donates an electron to another (e.g., NaCl, table salt)
    • Covalent bonds: Atoms share electrons (e.g., CHâ‚„, methane)
  • Molecules are the smallest functional units of compounds (e.g., Hâ‚‚O, a water molecule)
  • pH scale measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution
    • pH 7 is neutral
    • pH < 7 is acidic
    • pH > 7 is basic (alkaline)
    • Each whole number change on the pH scale represents a tenfold difference in hydrogen ion concentration

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