Short Term BP Regulation

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What is the primary purpose of the arterial baroreceptor system?

To increase the variability of pressure in the body

To prevent any changes in arterial pressure

To maintain a narrow range of arterial pressure throughout the day (correct)

To regulate the heart rate in response to external stimuli

What impact does denervation of the baroreceptors have on arterial pressure?

It has no effect on arterial pressure

It decreases the pressure range significantly

It stabilizes the pressure within a narrow range

It causes the pressure range to increase (correct)

How do baroreceptors respond when exposed to high arterial pressure?

They increase their firing rate immediately (correct)

They decrease their firing rate over several days

They have no reaction to high pressure

They stop transmitting impulses temporarily

What happens to the rate of baroreceptor firing when arterial pressure falls to a very low level?

The firing rate decreases rapidly Signup and view all the answers

In what timeframe do baroreceptors tend to reset to the pressure level they are exposed to?

1 to 2 days after exposure Signup and view all the answers

How do experimental studies suggest baroreceptor reflexes may contribute to long-term blood pressure regulation?

By influencing sympathetic nerve activity of the kidneys Signup and view all the answers

What impact does prolonged increases in arterial pressure have on baroreceptor reflexes?

It diminishes their potency for long-term regulation Signup and view all the answers

How do baroreceptors respond when exposed to prolonged increases in arterial pressure?

By gradually decreasing renal sympathetic nerve activity Signup and view all the answers

What is one argument against the importance of baroreceptors in long-term blood pressure regulation?

They tend to reset quickly after exposure to new pressures Signup and view all the answers

What initiates the response in the chemoreceptor reflex described in the text?

Low oxygen levels Signup and view all the answers

Where are the chemoreceptor cells located?

In the carotid and aortic bodies Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the chemoreceptors are stimulated?

Vasomotor center is excited Signup and view all the answers

How do the chemoreceptors respond to diminished blood flow?

By becoming stimulated Signup and view all the answers

Where do the signals transmitted from the chemoreceptors ultimately reach in the brain?

Vasomotor center Signup and view all the answers

What role do nutrient arteries play in relation to chemoreceptor organs?

They supply blood flow to chemoreceptor organs Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the low-pressure receptors in the atria and pulmonary arteries?

Detect changes in blood volume Signup and view all the answers

How do low-pressure receptors in the pulmonary artery and atria contribute to controlling arterial pressure?

By eliciting reflexes parallel to baroreceptor reflexes Signup and view all the answers

What effect does activation of low-pressure atrial receptors have on renal sympathetic nerve activity?

Decreases it Signup and view all the answers

How does increased atrial pressure impact heart rate according to the Bainbridge Reflex?

Increases heart rate Signup and view all the answers

Which system helps return blood volume back toward normal after a volume overload?

Volume reflex mechanism Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of atrial natriuretic peptide released due to increased atrial stretch?

Enhances excretion of sodium and water in urine Signup and view all the answers

How do low-pressure receptors differ from baroreceptors?

Low-pressure receptors detect changes in blood volume while baroreceptors detect systemic arterial pressure. Signup and view all the answers

In what condition do chemoreceptors contribute to increases in arterial pressure?

Severe obesity Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of activation of chemoreceptors on arterial pressure at lower pressures?

Activation is important to prevent further decreases in arterial pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of the Bainbridge reflex on heart rate?

Accelerates heart rate Signup and view all the answers

How does increased atrial volume affect the SA node?

Directly stretches the SA node Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of the additional 40% to 60% increase in heart rate associated with increased blood volume?

Bainbridge reflex Signup and view all the answers

How do the stretch receptors of the atria elicit the Bainbridge reflex?

By transmitting signals through vagus nerves Signup and view all the answers

What is the CNS ischemic response triggered by?

Decreased blood flow to the brain vasomotor center Signup and view all the answers

What does intense cerebral ischemia lead to in terms of arterial pressure?

Increases arterial pressure dramatically Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of each inspiration on the thoracic cavity pressure?

It becomes more negative Signup and view all the answers

During deep respiration, how much can the blood pressure rise and fall with each respiratory cycle?

$20$ mm Hg Signup and view all the answers

What causes the cyclical rise and fall in arterial pressure known as vasomotor waves?

Oscillation of Nervous Pressure Control Mechanisms Signup and view all the answers

Which reflex plays a major role in causing vasomotor waves when arterial pressure is between 40 to 80 mm Hg?

Chemoreceptor Reflex Signup and view all the answers

'The chemoreceptor reflex usually oscillates simultaneously with the baroreceptor reflex.' What range of arterial pressure does the chemoreceptor control become powerful in?

$40$ to $80$ mm Hg Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the CNS ischemic response mentioned in the text?

Acting as an emergency pressure control system Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the Cushing reaction described in the text?

Increased pressure of cerebrospinal fluid around the brain Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the arterial pressure rises above the cerebrospinal fluid pressure during the Cushing reaction?

Blood flow resumes in vessels of the brain Signup and view all the answers

What is one effect of skeletal muscle contraction during exercise mentioned in the text?

Increases arterial pressure Signup and view all the answers

Why is the abdominal compression reflex considered important according to the text?

It moves blood out of abdominal vascular reservoirs Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of muscle contraction during exercise?

To increase cardiac output and arterial pressure Signup and view all the answers

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