Baroque Architecture and Key Figures
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Questions and Answers

What architectural style is characterized by simple, strongly geometric composition and influenced by Vitruvian principles?

  • Colonial Style
  • Gothic Revival
  • Spanish Baroque
  • Neoclassicism (correct)

    • Which architectural style was a response to the Greek Revival due to a desire for more informality in design?

  • Gothic Revival (correct)
  • Plateresque
  • Spanish Renaissance
  • Colonial Style

    • What term describes the earlier period identified with silverwork in Spanish architecture?

  • Plateresque (correct)
  • Churrigueresque
  • Neoclassicism
  • Baroque

    • Which notable building was designed by Sir Christopher Wren?

    <p>St. Paul's Cathedral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which style is noted for its temple-like forms and use of shallow reliefs on facades in United States government buildings?

    <p>Neoclassicism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of Rococo art compared to Baroque art?

    <p>Increased ornateness and playful designs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following features is commonly associated with Rococo interiors?

    <p>Soft pastel colors and flowing lines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What architectural style does the Catherine Palace in St. Petersburg, Russia represent?

    <p>Rococo architecture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is NOT typically found in Rococo artwork?

    <p>Sharp geometric shapes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the French Renaissance architectural style?

    <p>Integration of Gothic and Classical details</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of English Renaissance architecture?

    <p>Large windows and ornate facades</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following features is typical for Baroque art, in contrast to Rococo?

    <p>Use of rich colors and detailed textures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following buildings exemplifies Baroque architecture?

    <p>St. Paul's Cathedral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which architectural style is characterized by romantic elements and ornate decorations that lack structural significance?

    <p>Victorian Style</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the alternate name for the row of colorful Victorian houses located at 710–720 Steiner Street in San Francisco?

    <p>The Painted Ladies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which style, associated with Victorian architecture, is noted for its complicated jigsaw elements and turrets?

    <p>Eastlake Style</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which architectural style imitates medieval cottages and is marked as simple and rustic?

    <p>Tudor Revival</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who were the architects responsible for the rebuilding of the House of Parliament in London?

    <p>Charles Barry &amp; Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinctive feature is highlighted in the design of the Saint Augustine Church?

    <p>Curved lines and twisted columns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is recognized as the largest fountain in Rome?

    <p>Trevi Fountain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which architectural style is characterized by asymmetry and more elaborate designs than traditional Baroque?

    <p>Rococo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the architect behind the Hall of Mirrors in the Palace of Versailles?

    <p>Louis Le Vau</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which church is known as a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in Iloilo, Philippines?

    <p>Miagao Church</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What element significantly represents the power of the church in Baroque architecture?

    <p>Freestanding bell tower</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the decorative style of the Churrigueresque?

    <p>Elaborate sculptural ornamentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a prominent characteristic of Baroque architecture as depicted in the Trevi Fountain?

    <p>Use of water as a primary element</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primary purpose did the Baroque style serve in relation to the Protestant Reformation?

    <p>To counteract Protestant Reformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is NOT typically associated with Baroque architecture?

    <p>Simplicity and minimal ornamentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which prominent architect is associated with the High Baroque phase?

    <p>Francesco Borromini</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining feature of the Early Baroque Church of Gesu?

    <p>The first truly Baroque façade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which year range did the High Baroque phase occur?

    <p>1625 – 1675</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What architectural feature is characteristic of San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane?

    <p>A Greek cross plan with irregular shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which material is notably used in the façade design of Santa Susana?

    <p>Travertine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did the Baroque style play in the art and architecture of the period?

    <p>It unified painting, sculpture, and architecture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Baroque

    • A reaction to the Protestant Reformation and the Mannerism style.
    • Originated in Rome, Italy during the 16th to 18th centuries.
    • Highly decorative style with theatrical ornamentation and design.
    • Characterized by grandeur, drama, contrast (lighting), curvaceousness, twisting elements, gilded statuary, and vivid use of colors.
    • Influenced by Renaissance architecture, with a focus on making art more natural, life-like, and sensual.
    • Used robust proportions, rich colors, and varied marbles.
    • Saw architectural painting, sculpture, and arts as a unified whole.

    Prominent Baroque Architects

    • Gian Lorenzo Bernini
    • Carlo Maderno
    • Francesco Borromini
    • Guarino Guarini
    • Giacoma Della Porta

    Baroque Architecture: Key Features

    • Opulent and dramatic churches with irregular shapes and extravagant ornamentation.
    • Elaborate Baroque elements found throughout Europe.

    Phases of Baroque Style

    • Early Baroque (1584 – 1625)
      • Church of Gesu by Giacoma Della Porta: The first truly Baroque façade, mother church of the Society of Jesuits.
      • St. Peter's Basilica by Carlo Maderno.
      • Santa Susana, Rome by Carlo Maderno: Oldest titles in the city of Rome, façade made of travertine stone.
    • High Baroque (1625 – 1675)
      • Church of Santi Luca e Martina, Rome by Francisco Borromini: Dedicated to St. Martina, plan is almost a Greek cross.
      • San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane (San Carlino) by Francesco Borromini: First independent commission for Borromini, plan is in an irregular Greek cross shape defined by convex curves, concave and convex façade.
      • Piazza San Pietro Colonnade of St. Peter's by Gian Lorenzo Bernini: Two porticos with 284 columns in 4 rows, crowned with 140 statues, originally square-shaped.
    • Late Baroque (1675 – 1750)
      • Hall of Mirrors (Galerie des Glaces) inside the Palace of Versailles by Louis Le Vau: A grand baroque gallery.
      • Dome of Les Invalides.

    Baroque Architecture: Key Ideas

    • Free-standing bell tower feature: Represents the power of the church.
    • Architecture of the curved line, twisted columns, curves, and broken pediments.
    • Focused on symmetry of forms, exploration of form, light and shadow, and dramatic intensity.

    Baroque Architecture: Notable Examples

    • The Trevi Fountain (Rome): Largest fountain in Rome, most exquisite baroque structure, blend of sculpture and water, late baroque style.
    • Baldachin at St. Peter's Basilica by Gian Lorenzo Bernini.

    Spanish Baroque: Churrigueresque

    • An elaborate Spanish baroque style of sculptural architectural ornament.
    • Emerged as a form of stucco decoration in Spain.
    • Characterized by extreme, expressive, and florid decorative detailing above the main façade entrance.
    • Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela, Spain, is a prime example.

    Baroque Renaissance: Philippines

    • Miagao Church (Iloilo, Philippines, 1786): Baroque fortress church with a statue on top of a scroll.
    • Sto. Tomas de Villanueva Parish Church (Miagao Church): A UNESCO World Heritage Site.

    Rococo

    • The final phase of Baroque architecture, characterized by asymmetry of forms.
    • More elaborate version of Baroque architecture.
    • Baroque artists shifted away from symmetry and embraced more ornate, florid, and playful designs.

    Rococo Key Features

    • Profusion and confusion of detail, presenting a lavish display of decoration.
    • Soft pastel colors.
    • Lightness, swirling forms, flowing lines, ornate stucco work, and arabesque ornaments.
    • French Rocaille: Stone and Coquilles (Shells), lighter proportions and colors, white with gold trim, French in origin.

    Rococo Notable Examples

    • Salon de la Princesse, Hôtel de Soubise (Paris, France)
    • Inside Wieskirche, the Bavarian Church by Dominikus Zimmermann.
    • Sant'Agnese, Rome, Italy by Francesco Borromini.
    • Catherine Palace, St. Petersburg, Russia: Summer residence of the Russian Tsars.

    French Renaissance

    • A mix of Gothic and Classical details.
    • Square head windows, steep roofs.
    • Chateau: A large French country house or castle.

    French Renaissance Examples

    • Chateau de Chenonceaux: A palace and a bridge.
    • Chateau de Blois: Famous for its staircase.

    English Renaissance

    • Large windows, ornate facades, strong use of classical details.
    • Elizabethan Period: Oriel and Bay windows, Topiary Hall.
    • St. Paul's Cathedral, London by Sir Christopher Wren: Model for the US Capitol dome.

    English Renaissance Examples

    • Topiary Hall, Levens Hall: Elizabethan Period.

    Spanish Renaissance

    • Santiago de Compostela: Romanesque church with a Spanish Baroque façade.
    • Plateresque: Earlier period, characterized by silverwork.
    • Churrigueresque: Later period.

    Revivalist Architecture

    • A major architectural movement of the 18th and 19th centuries.

    Neoclassicism

    • Revival of Classical Architecture, incorporating Greek and Roman orders as decorative motifs.
    • A common style for US government buildings.
    • Characterized by simplicity, strong geometric composition, and shallow reliefs on facades.
    • Influenced by Vitruvian principles and the works of Andrea Palladio.

    Neoclassicism Examples

    • US Capitol Building/Capitol Hill, Washington D.C.
    • Monticello, Thomas Jefferson’s home, featuring a Neoclassical style with native American materials.
    • Paris Opera House (Palais Garnier) by Charles Garnier.

    Colonial Style

    • The Renaissance movement reached the colonies through the Georgian style, a simple and symmetrical style combining refined delicate moldings with slender, graceful columns.

    Greek Revival

    • A popular style for churches in the US until the 20th century.
    • Used Greek forms and details, pleasing to the eye but often illogical in function.
    • Characterized by pedimented gables, symmetrical shapes, heavy cornices, wide plain friezes, bold and simple moldings.

    Gothic Revival

    • An alternative to the formality of Greek Revival.
    • Adapted Gothic style concepts but struggled to capture the spirit, resulting in hard, cold structures lacking flexibility.

    Gothic Revival Examples

    • Strawberry Hill by Horace Walpole.
    • House of Parliament, London by Charles Barry and Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin.

    Victorian Style

    • A period of architectural romance in the 1870s and 1880s.
    • Characterized by beauty with meaningless turrets, gables, jigsaw ornaments, and lack of structural sense.
    • Exemplified by the Eastlake Style and Victorian Gothic.

    Tudor Revival

    • A simple, rustic style that imitated medieval cottages and country houses.
    • Focused on the less impressive aspects of Tudor architecture.

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    Baroque and Rococo Architecture PDF

    Description

    Explore the grandeur and dramatic characteristics of Baroque architecture, which emerged during the 16th to 18th centuries in Italy. This quiz covers influential architects, key features of the style, and the phases of Baroque design. Test your knowledge on this opulent artistic movement!

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