Barbary Wars Overview
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Questions and Answers

Who led the U.S. Navy squadron to blockade Tripoli in May 1801?

  • President Thomas Jefferson
  • Commodore Richard Dale (correct)
  • Bashaw Yusuf Karamanli
  • Commodore Stephen Decatur

The United States initially chose to confront Barbary piracy militarily under President George Washington.

False (B)

What was the main reason for the United States to engage in conflicts with the Barbary States?

To ensure American maritime security and protect merchant ships.

In 1815, President _____ sent a naval force to the Mediterranean to address the ongoing threats from the Barbary States.

<p>James Madison</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was a consequence of Barbary piracy for the United States?

<p>Formation of a strong U.S. Navy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Commodore Stephen Decatur played a significant role in the Second Barbary War.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one major factor that led to the end of Barbary piracy against American merchants?

<p>Military action taken by the U.S. Navy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following Barbary States with their corresponding roles:

<p>Tripoli = Initiated the first Barbary War by demanding more tribute Algiers = Known for high ransom demands and negotiations Tunis = Another primary player in Barbary piracy Morocco = Participated in conflicts but negotiated tributes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the terms of peace dictated by Decatur in 1815?

<p>Algiers would free all enslaved Americans. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The agreement with Algiers included a clause that required the United States to pay $10,000 annually.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major event marked a victory for free trade in 1815?

<p>The defeat of Algiers in the Second Barbary War.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Commodore Isaac Chauncey led the U.S. Mediterranean Squadron to protect U.S. shipping against the reneging of the agreement by ______.

<p>Algeria</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the outcome of the Second Barbary War?

<p>It won respect for America and concluded piracy dominance. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Barbary powers ceased all piracy activities after the defeat of Algiers in 1815.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The first Naval Act signed by President George Washington authorized the construction of ______ original frigates.

<p>six</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following dates with their corresponding events:

<p>3 September 1783 = Treaty of Paris signed 27 March 1794 = Naval Act signed December 1799 = Agreement with Tripoli March 1801 = Tripoli declared war</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who commanded the naval squadron sent to blockade Tripoli in 1801?

<p>Commodore Richard Dale (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Treaty of Tripoli was signed in 1805.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant action did Stephen Decatur take regarding the ship Philadelphia?

<p>Set it on fire</p> Signup and view all the answers

The _____ was a significant event that ended American tribute payments to Tripoli.

<p>Treaty of Tripoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which event marked the start of the Second Barbary War?

<p>The declaration of war on Algiers by President Madison (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following events to their corresponding dates:

<p>Treaty of Tripoli signed = 10 June 1805 Commodore Decatur returns to New York = 12 November 1815 Congress passed protection act against Tripolitan Corsairs = 6 February 1802 War with Algiers officially declared = 3 March 1815</p> Signup and view all the answers

American merchant ships were allowed to continue paying tribute to the Barbary states after the Second Barbary War.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who led the attack on Derna during the Barbary Wars?

<p>Captain William Eaton</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which battle involved the U.S. Naval battery during the bombardment of Vera Cruz?

<p>Battle of Vera Cruz (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What year did Captain Thomas Fallon raise the flag in San Jose, California?

<p>1847 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following U.S. steamers participated in the naval expedition to Tabasco?

<p>Scorpion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was the commanding general of the United States Army during the Mexican War?

<p>Winfield Scott (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of artillery was involved in the U.S. Naval battery during the bombardment of Vera Cruz?

<p>Naval artillery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant imagery was captured from the Mexican American War in 1847?

<p>Mexican guns (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which location did the U.S. naval expedition aim to take during the conflict depicted in the imagery?

<p>Tabasco (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the naval expedition that involved crossing the bar at the mouth of Tabasco River?

<p>Success in landing troops (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the catalyst for the Mexican-American War?

<p>The annexation of Texas by the U.S. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which belief motivated President Polk's desire to expand U.S. territory?

<p>Manifest Destiny (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did U.S. Navy involvement impact the California campaign during the war?

<p>It led to the capture of key locations in California (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant military action took place in Vera Cruz in March 1847?

<p>The largest U.S. amphibious operation until World War I (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What agreement concluded the Mexican-American War?

<p>The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Mexico agree to in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?

<p>To extend the southern border of Texas to the Rio Grande (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who coordinated U.S. naval forces and land troops during the Mexican-American War?

<p>General Winfield Scott and Commodore Matthew Perry (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which territory was NOT ceded to the United States in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?

<p>Oregon (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major cause of the War of 1812 related to the Royal Navy?

<p>The British support for Native American attacks on American settlers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which battle led to the burning of the Capitol and the White House?

<p>Battle of Bladensburg (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Battle of Fort McHenry?

<p>The fort's defenders successfully repelled the British bombardment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What event inspired the creation of 'The Star Spangled Banner'?

<p>The defense of Fort McHenry (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which event did the U.S. Navy achieve a significant victory against the British?

<p>Battle of Plattsburgh (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main consequence of the British withdrawal after the bombardment of Fort McHenry?

<p>The U.S. gained popularity and national pride (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major challenge did the British face at the outskirts of Baltimore?

<p>Underestimating the American forces (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the British defeat at Lake Champlain on their military strategy?

<p>They decided to abandon land attacks in the region (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant result of the Battle of Lake Erie?

<p>The victory enabled the U.S. to move supplies by water in the Old Northwest. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which battle featured the rallying cry 'Don’t give up the ship'?

<p>Battle of Chesapeake (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact did the bombardment of Fort McHenry have on American morale?

<p>It inspired confidence and patriotism. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the battle between the brigantine Hornet and the British sloop Peacock?

<p>Peacock sank, resulting in American casualties. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long did the bombardment of Fort McHenry last?

<p>25 hours (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which naval engagement marked a significant victory for the U.S. Navy in 1813?

<p>Battle of Lake Erie (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What ultimately happened to HMS Java after its engagement with the Constitution?

<p>It was set aflame by the US and sunk. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the primary reasons for the United States declaring war on Great Britain in 1812?

<p>Impressment of American seamen by the Royal Navy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Oliver Hazard Perry report after the Battle of Lake Erie?

<p>We have met the enemy and they are ours. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which battle in September 1814 marked a significant U.S. victory during the War of 1812?

<p>Battle of Lake Champlain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant event occurred on 24 August 1814 during the War of 1812?

<p>British troops entered Washington, DC (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action did Commodore Thomas Tingey take to protect the Washington Navy Yard during the British invasion?

<p>Burned the Navy Yard to prevent British capture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the 13 September 1814 bombardment of Fort McHenry?

<p>Fort McHenry was heavily damaged but remained in U.S. hands (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Treaty of Ghent, signed on 24 December 1814, conclude?

<p>The War of 1812 between the United States and Great Britain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which event inspired Francis Scott Key to write 'The Star-Spangled Banner'?

<p>The successful defense of Fort McHenry (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact did the War of 1812 have on U.S. nationalism?

<p>Strengthened U.S. pride and national identity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the Great White Fleet's voyage?

<p>To demonstrate American naval power (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many battleships were part of the Great White Fleet?

<p>16 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ship served as the flagship of the Great White Fleet?

<p>USS Connecticut (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What notable event did the fleet respond to while in Egypt?

<p>An earthquake in Sicily (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

From which port did the Great White Fleet initially depart?

<p>Hampton Roads (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During its journey, the Great White Fleet made how many port calls?

<p>20 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ship was detached from the fleet at San Francisco to become a supply ship?

<p>USS Glacier (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who assumed command of the Great White Fleet after the departure from San Francisco?

<p>Rear Admiral Charles S. Sperry (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many port calls did the Great White Fleet make during its voyage?

<p>Twenty (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What color were the battleships in the Great White Fleet painted?

<p>White (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which legs of the journey did the Great White Fleet visit Hawaii and Australia?

<p>Second leg (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant event occurred in Sicily during the fleet's voyage?

<p>An earthquake (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who took command of the fleet after Admiral Evans?

<p>Rear Admiral Charles S. Sperry (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the estimated total distance covered by the Great White Fleet?

<p>43,000 miles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Barbary Wars

A series of conflicts (1801-1815) between the United States and the Barbary States (Morocco, Tunis, Tripoli, and Algiers) over piracy and tributes.

Barbary States

The North African states (Morocco, Tunis, Tripoli, and Algiers) that engaged in state sponsored piracy.

Tributary payments

Payments made by a weaker power to a stronger one to avoid conflict or ensure safe passage. Often used by the Barbary states.

Tripolitan War

The first of the Barbary Wars (1801-1805), primarily a conflict with Tripoli.

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President Jefferson's response

Jefferson ordered a naval blockade of Tripoli to stop the Barbary pirates after they demanded higher tribute.

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American maritime security

Protecting American ships and merchants on the high seas, particularly in the Mediterranean.

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Bashaw of Tripoli

The ruler of Tripoli, a key figure in the Tripolitan War.

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Treaty of Paris (1783)

Treaty that ended the American Revolutionary War, opening opportunities for trade but leaving the US vulnerable to Barbary pirates in the Mediterranean.

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Second Barbary War's outcome

The US defeated Algiers in 1815, ending tribute payments and securing shipping rights. Algiers also freed enslaved Americans and paid compensation.

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Barbary pirates' defeat

Combined European fleets attacked Algiers in 1816 to force the release of enslaved people.

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Treaty of Paris (1783) impact

The treaty ended the American Revolution, leaving US ships vulnerable to Barbary pirates.

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Naval Act of 1794

US law to establish a navy to protect US merchant ships from pirates.

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Tripoli War treaty

The US agreed to pay Tripoli to ensure safety for American trade in the Mediterranean. Other Barbary powers also had similar negotiations and agreements.

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US-Algerian agreement (1815)

The US agreed to no longer pay tribute, secured shipping rights, and gained compensation for enslaved Americans.

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Epervier fate

The ship carrying freed enslaved Americans to America sank during its voyage, causing the loss of life.

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Barbary State's enduring piracy

Even with agreements, the Barbary States continued pirate attacks until the French conquest of Algeria in 1830.

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Barbary Wars start

A series of naval conflicts between the United States and the Barbary states (primarily Tripoli, Algiers, Tunis, and Morocco) in North Africa during the early 1800s.

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First US Naval Victory

The capture of the Tripolitan ship Tripoli by the USS Enterprise in 1801.

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Act for Protection of Commerce

A 1802 US Congressional declaration of war on the Barbary corsairs.

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Philadelphia's capture

An American warship that ran aground in Tripoli harbor and was captured in 1803.

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Intrepid's daring act

The burning of the captured USS Philadelphia by Lieutenant Stephen Decatur, Jr., to prevent its use by the Barbary pirates.

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Treaty of Tripoli

A 1805 treaty between the United States and Tripoli ending American tribute payments to that state.

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End of War of 1812

The signing of the Treaty of Ghent, resolving the conflict between the US and Britain ending the War of 1812.

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War on Algiers

President Madison's declaration of war against Algiers in 1815 due to persistent piracy issue

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Manifest Destiny

The 19th-century belief that the United States was destined to expand across North America to the Pacific Ocean.

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Catalyst for the Mexican-American War

The annexation of Texas by the United States in 1845.

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President James K. Polk's agenda

He used the tension with Mexico to advance the U.S.'s territorial expansion, driven by Manifest Destiny.

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U.S. Navy's role

They blockaded Mexican ports and conducted operations on both the Pacific and Gulf coasts.

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Commodore Matthew Perry

He led naval operations in the Gulf of Mexico, capturing strongholds and blocking enemy supply routes.

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Largest U.S. amphibious operation

The landing of 22,000 U.S. troops at Vera Cruz in March 1847.

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Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

It ended the Mexican-American War in 1848 and ceded vast territories from Mexico to the United States.

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Territories ceded by Mexico

California, New Mexico, Utah, Nevada, and parts of Oklahoma, Kansas, and Wyoming were given to the U.S.

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Mexican War Artillery

U.S. Navy sailors used captured Mexican artillery during the Mexican-American War (1846-1848), demonstrating their versatility and adaptability in combat.

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Mexican War Art

Contemporary artwork from the Mexican-American War often depicts scenes with naval elements, highlighting U.S. Navy involvement in terrestrial battles.

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Winfield Scott's Role

Winfield Scott, as the commanding general of the U.S. Army during the Mexican War, played a pivotal role in shaping the conflict's military strategies and outcomes.

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Capture of San Jose

Captain Thomas Fallon, a U.S. Navy officer, took possession of San Jose, California, during the Mexican-American War, signifying the expansion of American influence in the region.

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Naval Steamers in Action

The U.S. Navy utilized powerful steam-powered ships, such as the Scorpion, Spitfire, Vixen, and Scourge, to navigate rivers and engage in combat during the Mexican War.

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Bombardment of Vera Cruz

The U.S. Navy played a crucial role in the successful bombardment of Vera Cruz in 1847, showcasing their ability to deliver effective artillery fire from the sea.

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Naval Expedition to Tabasco

The U.S. Navy's expedition to Tabasco, Mexico, during the war demonstrated their capacity to conduct amphibious operations and control strategic waterways.

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Navy's Versatility in the Mexican War

The U.S. Navy's participation in the Mexican-American War showcased its multifaceted capabilities, from maritime operations to land engagements, highlighting its strategic importance.

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Essex's Fate

In March 1814, the American frigate Essex, trapped in Valparaiso harbor by two British frigates, was attacked and captured by the British despite the harbor's neutrality.

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Capture of Washington D.C.

In August 1814, British forces, after defeating American militia at Bladensburg, captured and burned Washington D.C., including the Capitol and White House.

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Lake Champlain Victory

In September 1814, the U.S. Navy defeated a British squadron on Lake Champlain, causing the British to abandon their land attack due to fear of being cut off.

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Battle of Baltimore

In September 1814, the British bombarded Fort McHenry at the mouth of Baltimore Harbor for 25 hours, but failed to capture it, inspiring Francis Scott Key's poem "The Star-Spangled Banner."

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American Naval Victories

The U.S. Navy achieved a decisive victory on Lake Champlain, successfully defended Baltimore, and captured the British frigate Essex in the War of 1812.

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British Strategies

The British aimed to defeat the U.S. Navy and capture key American cities like Washington D.C. and Baltimore to cripple American morale.

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Burning Washington

The British, after capturing the city, set fire to public buildings in Washington, DC, including the Capitol and White House, as a symbolic act of retaliation.

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The Star-Spangled Banner

Inspired by the successful defense of Fort McHenry, American lawyer Francis Scott Key wrote a poem, later set to music, that became the national anthem of the United States.

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Battle of Lake Erie

A decisive naval victory for the US in 1813, giving them control of Lake Erie and the ability to move supplies by water in the Old Northwest.

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Chesapeake Bay Raids

A series of British seaborne attacks in the Chesapeake Bay region starting in 1813.

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USS Hornet vs. HMS Peacock

A relatively quick American victory in 1813 where the USS Hornet immobilized the British sloop Peacock, which later sank.

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USS Chesapeake vs. HMS Shannon

A bloody 15-minute battle in 1813 where the USS Chesapeake surrendered to the British HMS Shannon after suffering heavy casualties.

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Don't Give Up the Ship

The famous rallying cry uttered by Captain James Lawrence of the USS Chesapeake after being mortally wounded during the battle with HMS Shannon.

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Battle of Lake Erie Outcome

The US Navy secured Lake Erie after defeating a British flotilla, allowing for easier supply movement to the Old Northwest.

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Bombardment of Fort McHenry

A 25-hour bombardment of Fort McHenry by the British in 1814, which ultimately failed to force a surrender.

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British Withdrawal from Fort McHenry

After failing to capture Fort McHenry, the British forces withdrew in 1814.

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War of 1812

A conflict between the United States and Great Britain from 1812 to 1815, primarily caused by British restrictions on American trade and impressment of sailors.

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Causes of the War of 1812

The war was sparked by British interference with American shipping, forcing sailors into the Royal Navy and restricting trade. The U.S. also sought territorial expansion.

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Key Battles of the War of 1812

The war included battles on land and sea, fighting on the Great Lakes, the Chesapeake Bay, and the Gulf Coast, with notable naval victories for the Americans.

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Treaty of Ghent

Signed in 1814, this treaty ended the War of 1812 and restored pre-war boundaries between the U.S. and Britain.

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Impact of the War of 1812

The war solidified American national identity and promoted unity, even though it resulted in a stalemate. It also contributed to the growth of the American Navy and its reputation.

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Burning of Washington, D.C.

In 1814, British troops captured Washington, D.C., and burned government buildings, including the White House and the Capitol.

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Battle of Plattsburgh

In 1814, a decisive American naval victory on Lake Champlain, preventing a British invasion of New York.

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Fort McHenry and the Star-Spangled Banner

In 1814, the British bombarded Fort McHenry in Baltimore, but the U.S. held strong. This inspired Francis Scott Key to write the 'Star-Spangled Banner' which became America's national anthem.

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Great White Fleet

A group of sixteen U.S. battleships painted white, sent on a global voyage by President Theodore Roosevelt in 1907.

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Voyage Purpose

The Great White Fleet's journey was meant to demonstrate America's increasing naval strength and its growing global presence.

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Fleet's Route

The Great White Fleet covered over 43,000 miles, visiting ports on six continents, including stops in South America, Asia, and Africa.

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Fleet's Duration

The Great White Fleet's voyage lasted for fourteen months, from December 1907 to February 1909.

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Fleet's Significance

The Great White Fleet's voyage was a major event in American history, marking the rise of the United States as a major naval power and influencing global affairs.

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Fleet's Change in Command

Rear Admiral Robley D. Evans initially led the fleet, but due to poor health, Rear Admiral Charles S. Sperry took over command.

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Fleet's Encounter with Tragedy

While in Egypt, the fleet received news of an earthquake in Sicily, and four ships were sent to provide aid, including the USS Illinois, which recovered the bodies of the American consul and his wife.

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Fleet's Legacy

The Great White Fleet voyage left a lasting impact on American diplomacy and the nation's standing on the world stage.

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Change in Command

Rear Admiral Robley D. Evans initially led the fleet but due to poor health, Rear Admiral Charles S. Sperry took over command.

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Voyage Duration

The Great White Fleet's voyage lasted for 14 months, from December 1907 to February 1909.

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Study Notes

Barbary Wars (1801-1805 and 1815)

  • Barbary states (Morocco, Tunis, Tripoli, Algiers) seized merchant ships and demanded ransoms.
  • US attempted to use diplomacy to avoid conflict, but payments were not consistently honored or sufficient.
  • This practice continued into the 1700s.
  • The Treaty of Paris in 1783 ended the American Revolution and presented the US with new economic possibilities for free trade in the Mediterranean, but Britain's protective naval presence was gone.
  • Pirates in the Mediterranean were a significant threat to American merchant ships seeking trade routes.
  • US paid tributes to secure safe passage, but these were not effective.
  • American presidents Washington and Adams paid tribute to Barbary pirates, despite the lack of protection they provided.
  • President Jefferson's administration decided on military action.

First Barbary War (Tripolitan War)

  • In 1800, the Bashaw of Tripoli demanded a substantial tribute increase or face war from the US.
  • President Jefferson responded by sending Commodore Richard Dale with a Navy squadron.
  • The USS Enterprise, under Lt. Andrew Sterett, defeated a Tripolitan ship in 1801.
  • This victory was notable as it didn't lead to a formal declaration of war.
  • The USS Enterprise continued to be a key ship in the Tripolitan war.
  • Lt. Stephen Decatur Jr. carried out a daring mission to burn the US frigate Philadelphia.
  • Commodore Edward Preble launched attacks on Tripoli harbor, while other American ships were taking down Tripolitan ships.
  • Army Captain William Eaton led a crucial raid on Derna, with the support of American ships, and former Tripolitan Bashaw Hamet Karamanli.
  • This raid successfully captured Derna in 1805.
  • A treaty was signed in 1805 where the US no longer had to pay tribute to Tripoli and provided safe passage for American ships.
  • The success in ending the conflict with Tripoli was notable.

Second Barbary War (Algerian War)

  • During the War of 1812, the Algerians sided with the British.
  • After the War of 1812, President Madison declared war on Algiers.
  • A squadron led by Commodore Stephen Decatur Jr. sailed for Algiers in 1815.
  • Decatur's squadron successfully attacked the Algerian fleet.
  • A treaty was signed in 1815 wherein Algiers freed enslaved Americans, ended tribute payments, and granted the US free shipping rights.
  • This war also led to respect for America and marked a victory for free trade.

Aftermath of the Barbary Wars

  • The 1815 defeat of Algiers signaled the end of Barbary pirate dominance.
  • Several European powers continued tribute payments to Algiers, despite its eventual defeat at the hands of France.
  • Barbary states resumed piracy, despite naval intervention.
  • These practices ended after the French conquest of Algiers in 1830.

Key Naval Engagements/Events

  • Treaty of Paris in 1783
  • Naval Act of 1794
  • War declared by Tripoli in 1801
  • Enterprise captured Tripolitan ship in 1801
  • Commodore Preble's attacks on Tripoli Harbor in 1804
  • Raid on Derna in 1805
  • Treaty of Tripoli in 1805
  • War declared on Algiers in 1815
  • Decatur's squadron's attack on Algiers in 1815.
  • Treaty of Algiers in 1815

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Related Documents

Barbary Wars 1801-1815 PDF
Mexican-American War 1846-48 PDF
War of 1812 PDF
The Great White Fleet PDF

Description

Explore the historical context and events surrounding the Barbary Wars fought by the United States between 1801 and 1815. This quiz covers the challenges posed by Barbary pirates, diplomatic efforts, and military actions taken by American leaders. Test your knowledge on a significant chapter in early American foreign policy.

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