HGST
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Questions and Answers

What is the science of projectile motion and conditions affecting that motion?

  • Ballistics (correct)
  • Exterior Ballistics
  • Projectile Dynamics
  • Interior Ballistics

    • What are the factors that influence the motion of the projectile as it moves along its trajectory?

  • Gravity, Propellant charge, and Projectile weight
  • Gravity, Yaw, Projectile drift, and Wind drift (correct)
  • Rotor down-wash error, Angular rate error, and Turning bank error
  • Barrel wear, Launcher tube misalignment, and Thrust misalignment

    • What is the angle between a projectile's centerline and trajectory?

  • Gravity
  • Projectile drift
  • Yaw (correct)
  • Wind drift

    • What causes a projectile to move right in a horizontal plane?

    <p>Gyroscopic precession</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of error occurs when the helicopter is operating below effective translational lift?

    <p>Rotor down-wash error</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristics of aerial-fired weapons are derived from?

    <p>Fin or spin-stabilized munitions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when aircrews fire free-flight projectiles?

    <p>They cannot compensate for interior ballistics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the flight path of the projectile as it flies from the muzzle of the weapon to the point of impact?

    <p>Trajectory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When operating in proximity to friendly forces, what is required for direct fire support?

    <p>Direct communication with the ground commander or observer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the 5-line brief in RW CAS?

    <p>To coordinate fire support and ensure accurate targeting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the 5-line brief for RW CAS?

    <p>Observer/Warning Order/Gameplan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is included in the 'remarks and restrictions' section of the 5-line brief?

    <p>Laser-to-target line or pointer target line and desired type of ordnance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to J-Fire, what should aircrews positively identify prior to conducting any engagement?

    <p>The location of the friendly element and the target</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Table 3, 'Methods of Fire and Control'?

    <p>To offer additional measures for fire control and methods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the air mission commander or flight lead in direct fire support?

    <p>To communicate with the ground commander or observer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it essential to have direct communication with the ground commander or observer in direct fire support?

    <p>To ensure accurate targeting and prevent friendly fire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the burst on target (BOT) technique?

    <p>To adjust fires on target</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recognition method also known as?

    <p>Kentucky windage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information is included in the BDA report?

    <p>Size and activity of equipment/personnel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of informing JTAC about the weapon's final attack heading?

    <p>To ensure compliance with given restrictions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the abbreviation for battle position?

    <p>BP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is included in the 'additional remarks' section of the 9-line brief?

    <p>Gun-to-target line and weather</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technique is used to adjust fires on target using cannon and rocket engagements?

    <p>Burst on target</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the airspace coordination areas?

    <p>To coordinate air traffic and prevent collisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the 'Capture' call made by the firing platform?

    <p>To indicate the designating aircraft is in position and has captured the laser spot on the target.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consideration when determining the time to call 'Laser on' during LOAL?

    <p>The required or maximum delay time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of the 'Buddy Laser' technique?

    <p>Backscatter avoidance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consideration when positioning the shooting aircraft during the 'Buddy Laser' sequence?

    <p>The heading of the shooting aircraft relative to the target.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Shift Cold Procedure?

    <p>To smoothly change the missile's flight path to a secondary and less critical impact point.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who typically initiates the 'Buddy Laser' sequence?

    <p>The Air Mission Commander (AMC).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consideration when using remote designation?

    <p>The code of the designating platform.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is displayed on the firing platform when the missile has acquired coded laser energy?

    <p>LOBL symbology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the allowable angle for RF missiles in either LOAL or LOBL trajectory mode, when the target range is greater than 1 km?

    <p>20°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the 2ND TARGET INHIBIT button?

    <p>To prevent secondary target information from being handed over</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the format of the Radar Map mode in the FCR?

    <p>B Scope format</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the RFHO button?

    <p>To transmit target data via the IDM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many RFI symbols can be displayed on the periphery of the radar scan sector?

    <p>10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mode is used for stationary target engagements?

    <p>Ground Targeting Mode</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the format of the Air Targeting Mode in the FCR?

    <p>PPI format</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the allowable angle for RF missiles in either LOAL or LOBL trajectory mode, when the target range is less than 1 km?

    <p>5°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Ballistics

    • Ballistics is the science of projectile motion and conditions affecting that motion.
    • Interior ballistics include factors such as barrel wear, launcher tube misalignment, thrust misalignment, propellant charge, and projectile weight.
    • Aircrews cannot compensate for interior ballistics when firing free-flight projectiles.

    Exterior Ballistics

    • Exterior ballistics influence the motion of the projectile as it moves along its trajectory.
    • Gravity, yaw, projectile drift, and wind drift are types of exterior ballistics.
    • Yaw is the angle between a projectile's centerline and trajectory, causing trajectory to change and drag increase.
    • Projectile drift increases as range to target increases, and spinning projectiles act like a gyroscope, exhibiting gyroscopic precession.

    Aerial-Fired Weapons

    • Aerial-fired weapons characteristics are derived from fin or spin-stabilized munitions and whether they are fired from a fixed or flexible mode.
    • Common errors for these munitions include rotor down-wash error, angular rate error, and turning bank error.
    • Rotor down-wash acts on the projectile as it leaves the barrel or launcher, causing a change in the projectile's trajectory.

    Synchronization of Fires

    • Methods of fire and control may be included in line 5 for synchronization of fires.
    • The air mission commander or flight lead must have direct communication with the ground commander or observer on the scene to provide direct fire support.

    RW CAS 5-Line Brief

    • The RW CAS 5-line brief includes:
      • Observer/Warning Order/Gameplan
      • Friendly location/mark
      • Target location
      • Target description/mark
      • Remarks and restrictions

    Final Attack Heading

    • Off-axis weapons may have a final attack heading that differs from the aircraft heading at the time of release.
    • The aircrew should inform JTAC when this occurs and ensure weapon final attack headings comply with given restrictions.

    BDA Report

    • The BDA report includes:
      • Size
      • Activity
      • Location
      • Time
      • Remarks

    Burst on Target (BOT)

    • BOT is a technique used to adjust fires on target, requiring the aircrew member firing the weapon to sense projectile impacts and use proper technique to adjust the rounds on target.
    • Techniques for applying BOT include recognition, milliradian relation, and laser range finder (LRF) methods.

    LOAL and Laser Designation

    • LOAL (Lock-On After Launch) is a technique used for remote designation, where the firing platform calls "Laser on, time flight, _____ seconds" based on range/time of flight and required/maximum delay time.
    • The "Buddy Laser" technique is a simplified remote engagement utilized by aircraft within a flight/team.
    • The Shift Cold Procedure is a risk avoidance method when aborting a missile engagement with a missile in flight.

    FCR (Fire Control Radar) Modes

    • The FCR can be operated in the following selectable modes:
      • Ground Targeting Mode (PPI format)
      • Radar Map (B Scope format)
      • Air Targeting Mode (PPI format)
      • Terrain Profiles Mode (PPI format)

    FCR Features

    • The 2ND TARGET INHIBIT button is used to prevent secondary target information from being handed over from the FCR to the primary RF missile during a stationary target engagement.
    • The RFHO button is used for transmission of the FCR NTS (Figure 4-47) target data via the IDM to another AFAPD capable system.
    • RFI symbols representing RFI detected emitters are displayed on the periphery of the radar scan sector to indicate the direction to the detected threat.
    • Ground Targeting Mode, FCR Target Symbols, NTS, ANTS, Second Target Symbol, and GTM Formats are all features of the FCR system.

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    2023 HGST Study Guide PDF

    Description

    Quiz on ballistics, covering projectile motion, interior and exterior ballistics, and their effects on projectile trajectory.

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