22 Questions
What is the ultimate goal of functional assessment tools in gait assessment?
To achieve the greatest possible patient functional independence
What is the normal speed of an adult on flat ground?
82 m/min
What is the purpose of the Figure of 8 walk test?
To assess functional ambulation skills
What is a limitation of traditional scales used in gait assessment?
They do not provide information on how the activity occurs
What is the purpose of the Ranches Los Amigos Walking Ability Questionnaire (RLAH)?
To evaluate gait strategies
What is the function of the Step watch activity monitor?
To monitor cadence
What is a key aspect of evaluating posture, balance, and gait in each patient?
Adopting a flexible position
What happens when correlated systems try to compensate for deficits?
They try to achieve the task
What is the purpose of the Berg Balance Test?
To assess the risk of falls in elderly and neurological patients
Which of the following is a motor strategy used in equilibrium evaluation?
Alignement strategy
What is the purpose of the Sensory Organization Test (SOT)?
To examine the ability to organize and select sensory information
Which of the following is not a limitation of the assessment of functional skills?
Evaluating the motor, sensory, and cognitive impairments
What is the purpose of the Time Up and Go test (TUG)?
To evaluate the balance ability of a patient
What is the purpose of the Reach Test?
To evaluate the balance ability of a patient
What is gait?
A neuromuscular action of the whole body
What is the purpose of the Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale?
To measure the confidence of a patient in performing daily activities
What is the primary focus of assessing a patient's ability to maintain postural control?
Movement of center of pravity at all levels
Which test is used to evaluate a patient's ability to maintain equilibrium during movement?
Dynamic postergraphy
What is the primary goal of using sensory strategies in postural control assessment?
To challenge the patient's ability to adapt to changing sensory information
Which of the following tests is used to evaluate a patient's ability to maintain postural control during disturbances caused by an examiner?
Clinical test of sensory organization and balance (CTSOB)
What is the primary focus of motor strategies in postural control assessment?
To challenge the patient's ability to control movement of center of gravity
Which of the following tests is used to evaluate a patient's ability to maintain postural control during voluntary and involuntary movement?
Dynamic postergraphy
Study Notes
Assessment of Functional Skills
- Evaluation of daily tasks requiring postural control to identify underlying motor, sensory, and cognitive impairments contributing to imbalance
- Limitations: does not evaluate change of context situations or movement quality
Balance Assessment Scales
- Activities-Specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale
- Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I)
- Berg Balance Test:
- Measures balance in elderly and neurological patients
- Assesses functional tasks
- 14-item scale with scoring system (0-56 points)
- Interpretation:
- 41-46 points: low fall risk
- 21-40 points: medium fall risk
- 0-20 points: high fall risk
Evaluation of Equilibrium Strategies
- Motor Strategies:
- Alignment: sitting and standing position assessment using plumb line, static force plates, and scales
- Movement Strategies: patient ability to maintain postural control while changing positions
- Sensitive Strategies:
- Romberg Test
- Dynamic posturography
- Sensory Organization Test (SOT)
- Visual Strategies: ability to organize and select sensory information in response to changing visual conditions
Gait Assessment
- Gait is a neuromuscular and musculoskeletal action requiring coordination of legs and multiple joints and muscles
- Problems with mobility management are crucial to solve when regaining functional independence
- Functional assessment tools: define deficits, establish a treatment plan (short and long-term goals), and achieve maximum patient functional independence
- Functional test must consider:
- Functional skills
- Motor and sensory strategies used to maintain postural control in various contexts and tasks
- Sensory, motor, and cognitive deficiencies that limit postural control
Gait Strategies
- Cadence: 111-117 steps/min
- Speed: normal speed on flat ground = 82 m/min (adult)
- Monitoring tools: stopwatch, podometer, step watch activity monitor
- Assessment tools:
- Hoffer Functional Ambulation Scale
- Figure of 8 walk test
- Gillette Functional Assessment Questionnaire
- Evaluation of gait strategies:
- Functional Ambulation Classification
- Ranches Los Amigos Walking Ability Questionnaire (RLAH)
- Rivermead Visual Gait Assessment (RVGA)
- Motor Assessment Scale
Evaluate postural control and underlying impairments contributing to imbalance. Assessment scales include ABC, FES-I, and Berg Balance Test for elderly and neurological patients.
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