BAHS 112: Psychology of Learning

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Questions and Answers

What is a key characteristic of learning as emphasized by multiple scholars?

Learning is a process that takes place over time. (correct)

Learning is solely behavior modification.

Learning is a passive process.

Learning results from immediate events.

Which definition of learning refers to a change that is not short-term?

Learning is temporary and transient.

Learning leads to relatively permanent behavioral change. (correct)

Learning is an immediate response to stimuli.

Learning is a reaction to external factors.

What aspect does learning primarily focus on according to the attributes outlined?

The emotional wellbeing of the learner.

The immediate effects of learning.

The content and structure of knowledge. (correct)

The change in the behavior of the learner.

What initiates the change in behavior during learning?

A prior experience. Signup and view all the answers

According to the commonly used definition in psychology, learning results in a change that is...

Relatively permanent. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a recognized attribute of learning?

Learning results in superficial changes. Signup and view all the answers

How do scholars suggest that experience influences learning?

Experience must precede observable changes. Signup and view all the answers

Which phrase best captures the essence of learning highlighted by scholars?

Learning is a gradual transformation. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key attribute of learning as discussed by Hall in 2003?

Learning requires interaction with the environment. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a reason some scholars argue parapsychology is not a science?

It lacks empirical evidence. Signup and view all the answers

According to Breedlove et al. (2007), what characterizes the learning process?

Acquisition of new and relatively enduring information. Signup and view all the answers

What can be a common consequence of learning in both humans and animals?

Modification of future behavior. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the definition of learning is correct?

Establishing a single definition of learning is challenging. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'pseudo psychology' imply?

It lacks scientific validity. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can be considered a type of learning?

Behavior modification through experience. Signup and view all the answers

The study of the psychology of learning primarily investigates what aspect?

How organisms acquire and modify behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism through which classical conditioning occurs?

Stimulus-response association Signup and view all the answers

What does the neutral stimulus become after being paired with the unconditioned stimulus?

Conditioned stimulus Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the extinction phase of classical conditioning?

The CS is presented repeatedly without the UCS Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of spontaneous recovery?

A dog salivates at the sound of a bell after a break from training Signup and view all the answers

In the advertising example, what is considered the unconditioned stimulus (US)?

The group of children playing Signup and view all the answers

What is classical conditioning also known as?

Learning by association Signup and view all the answers

What type of response does a conditioned stimulus elicit?

Conditioned response Signup and view all the answers

What role does a warm and nurturing teacher play in classical conditioning within a school setting?

They act as an unconditioned stimulus Signup and view all the answers

What type of learning is demonstrated when a child becomes scared of dogs after witnessing a dog attack?

Classical Conditioning Signup and view all the answers

In the context of food aversion, what does the food's appearance, smell, or taste represent?

Conditioned Stimulus Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the organism in operant conditioning?

Active participant Signup and view all the answers

How does punishment influence a child's behavior towards exams?

It leads to anxiety when taking exams. Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of operant conditioning with children?

A parent gives extra allowance for doing the dishes. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'instrumental learning' refer to in the context of operant conditioning?

Learning resulting from one's own actions. Signup and view all the answers

What behavior might be reinforced through operant conditioning in a workplace setting?

Completing projects on time Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best illustrates a classical conditioning response?

A person becomes nauseated after eating a specific food that made them sick before. Signup and view all the answers

What primarily causes changes in a learner's behavior?

Experience in the environment Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is NOT explicitly mentioned as a domain of learning?

Creative domain Signup and view all the answers

Which type of learning includes the acquisition of physical skills?

Psychomotor domain Signup and view all the answers

Learning can lead to changes in behavior. Which of the following best describes these changes?

Can be desirable or undesirable Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the key benefits of learning as mentioned?

It helps in acquiring essential life skills. Signup and view all the answers

What does effective social interaction depend on?

Acquisition of knowledge and skills Signup and view all the answers

Which of these processes represents an internal aspect of learning?

Acquisition and storage of information Signup and view all the answers

Which domain includes the acquisition of attitudes and values?

Affective domain Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Psychology of Learning

Learning involves how humans and animals acquire knowledge and skills through interaction with their environment.
Different scholars provide various definitions, highlighting its complexity and multi-faceted nature.
Commonly accepted definitions emphasize that learning leads to relatively permanent changes in knowledge or behavior due to experience.

Attributes of Learning

Process Over Time: Learning is not a singular event; it involves a series of interactions and experiences.
Long-Term Change: Changes resulting from learning are enduring, unlike temporary changes from external factors like drugs or fatigue.
Knowledge Change: The primary focus of learning is on the transformation of knowledge structures, not just observable behavior.
Experience as Catalyst: Learning necessitates prior experience, which acts as the catalyst for behavioral changes.
Hidden Processes: The learning process is often internal and not directly observable; behavior changes reflect this internal learning.
Behavioral Outcomes Vary: Learning can lead to changes that are either desirable or undesirable, impacting overall behavior.

Relevance of Learning

Essential for acquiring life skills, knowledge, and effective social interaction.
Supports adaptation to environments and contributes to overall well-being and emotional maturity.

Domains of Learning

Psychomotor Domain: Involves physical skills such as walking and talking.
Cognitive Domain: Encompasses the ability to acquire, retain, and organize information for problem-solving.
Affective Domain: Relates to the development of attitudes, values, and feelings.

Types of Learning

Classical Conditioning (CC):
- Discovered by Pavlov, involving the association of stimuli.
- Involves a Neutral Stimulus (NS) becoming a Conditioned Stimulus (CS) after being paired with an Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS).
- Key processes include extinction (loss of association), spontaneous recovery (reemergence of association), and learning by association.
- Common applications include advertising, where positive emotions are associated with products.
Operant Conditioning:
- A neo-Behaviorist theory where behavior is shaped by expected consequences.
- Learning is active; individuals operate in their environment to influence their outcomes.
- Known as instrumental learning, as individuals actively engage in the learning process.
- Practical applications include reward systems in parenting and workplaces, motivating desired behaviors through incentives.

Application of Learning Theories

Classical Conditioning Examples:
- Advertising exploits children's association between play (UCS) and toys (CS) for consumer behavior.
- Fear responses can arise from negative experiences, such as a traumatic dog encounter resulting in a phobia.
Operant Conditioning Examples:
- Reward structure where parents incentivize children to complete chores.
- Workplaces using bonuses to reward employees, influencing task completion behavior.

These insights form the foundation of understanding the psychology of learning within allied health sciences and beyond.

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Description

This quiz covers key concepts in the Psychology of Learning relevant to allied health sciences. You will explore the definition of learning, its attributes, and its importance in both human and animal lives. Additionally, various types of learning and their applications will be discussed.