Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is one of the principles established in the Public Charter?
What is one of the principles established in the Public Charter?
- Economic closure
- Single-party rule
- Trade restrictions
- Bicameral parliament (correct)
Which of the following is NOT a mission of the Constitutional Court?
Which of the following is NOT a mission of the Constitutional Court?
- Monitoring the constitutionality of laws
- Linking pre-constitution and new constitution
- Implementing fiscal policies (correct)
- Ensuring safety legislation
What was the amount of Foreign Direct Investment reported in 2006?
What was the amount of Foreign Direct Investment reported in 2006?
- $4 billion
- $5 billion
- $2 billion
- $3 billion (correct)
What does the transition to a constitutional monarchy emphasize according to the principles outlined?
What does the transition to a constitutional monarchy emphasize according to the principles outlined?
Which principle is associated with the supervision of financial and administrative processes?
Which principle is associated with the supervision of financial and administrative processes?
What significant political change occurred in Bahrain in 1975?
What significant political change occurred in Bahrain in 1975?
Which institution was established in Bahrain to focus on petroleum?
Which institution was established in Bahrain to focus on petroleum?
What was a main focus of the reform project initiated by King Hamad bin Isa?
What was a main focus of the reform project initiated by King Hamad bin Isa?
When was the first election for deputies held in Bahrain?
When was the first election for deputies held in Bahrain?
What aspect of reform is associated with the involvement of citizens in nation building?
What aspect of reform is associated with the involvement of citizens in nation building?
Which year marks the establishment of the Shura Council in Bahrain?
Which year marks the establishment of the Shura Council in Bahrain?
Which of the following was not one of the goals outlined in the reform project?
Which of the following was not one of the goals outlined in the reform project?
What was established in Bahrain in 1998-1999?
What was established in Bahrain in 1998-1999?
What was the aim of issuing the press law in Bahrain?
What was the aim of issuing the press law in Bahrain?
In which year was the formation of the Commission on Human Rights established?
In which year was the formation of the Commission on Human Rights established?
What significant action did King Hamad take to promote media freedom?
What significant action did King Hamad take to promote media freedom?
Which document outlines the right to express opinions for all citizens?
Which document outlines the right to express opinions for all citizens?
What was the purpose of the 2001 general amnesty issued by King Hamad?
What was the purpose of the 2001 general amnesty issued by King Hamad?
What was one of the key roles of the Higher National Committee established in November 2000?
What was one of the key roles of the Higher National Committee established in November 2000?
What did Bahrain sign in 1999 to address issues related to human rights?
What did Bahrain sign in 1999 to address issues related to human rights?
What major change did the Trade Unions Act 2002 bring about?
What major change did the Trade Unions Act 2002 bring about?
Flashcards
Bahrain's First Constitution
Bahrain's First Constitution
The first constitution in Bahrain was adopted in June 1973, establishing a framework for the country's governance.
First Election in Bahrain
First Election in Bahrain
In July 1973, Bahrain held its first election for members of the Chamber of Deputies, marking a significant step towards democratic participation.
Shura Council Formation
Shura Council Formation
The State Consultative Council (Shura Council) was established in December 1992, with 40 members appointed to advise the government.
Bahrain's Reform Project
Bahrain's Reform Project
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Citizen Participation in Reform
Citizen Participation in Reform
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Balance of Power in Bahrain
Balance of Power in Bahrain
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Cultural Integration in Reform
Cultural Integration in Reform
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Public Freedoms in Reform
Public Freedoms in Reform
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Justice
Justice
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Law
Law
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Bicameral Parliament
Bicameral Parliament
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Personal Freedom
Personal Freedom
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Economic Openness
Economic Openness
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Freedom of Expression in Bahrain
Freedom of Expression in Bahrain
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Bahrain's Press Law
Bahrain's Press Law
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Promoting National Dialogue in Bahrain
Promoting National Dialogue in Bahrain
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Bahrain's National Action Charter
Bahrain's National Action Charter
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Human Rights in Bahrain
Human Rights in Bahrain
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Trade Unions in Bahrain
Trade Unions in Bahrain
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Higher National Committee
Higher National Committee
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Women's Rights in Bahrain
Women's Rights in Bahrain
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Study Notes
Development of the Political and Administrative System
- Sheikh Khalifa bin Salman has been Prime Minister since 1971
- The National Council law was issued in December 1971
- The Chamber of Deputies was created with 22 members, 8 more appointed after independence
- Bahrain's first constitution was in June 1973
- The first election in Bahrain was in July 1973
- Parliament dissolved in 1975 due to disputes
- The Shura Council was formed in December 1992 with 40 members
- Provincial law issued in Bahrain in June 1996
- Bahrain joined the Security Council in 1998-1999
- Gulf Petrochemicals established in 1979
- Higher Council for Petroleum established in 1980
- Health centers established in Bahrain in 1975
- College of Health Sciences established in 1976
- University of Bahrain established in 1986
- Historical Documents Center established in 1978
- Bahrain Studies Center established in 1981
Reform Project of His Majesty King Hamad bin Isa
- Overall Vision: Consolidation of the constitution, promoting judicial work, strengthening financial and administrative oversight, and involving civil society in development
- Popular Participation: Promotes national unity by involving all citizens in nation-building
- Cultural Specificity: Combines global cultural trends with Bahraini traditions
- Gradual Reform: Addressing sudden political changes
- Balance of Power: Distributing power between legislative, executive and judiciary entities
Public Freedoms and Human Rights
- Public Freedoms and Political Openness: Promoting freedom of opinion and expression, while respecting religious and cultural norms
- National Dialogue: Facilitating communication and general amnesty, abolishing the State Security Court
- Role of the Press: Guaranteeing freedom of expression, press law and independence without prejudice to national unity
- Human Rights: Amnesty for prisoners, opposing torture, involvement with human rights commissions
- International Organizations: Membership of the United Nations, Trade unions
- Promoting National Dialogue: Free thinking, amnesty for Homeland Security crimes, cancelling the State Security Court, open channels for conversation
Promoting National Dialogue
- Leadership: Encourages free thinking and clarity
- Amnesty: General amnesty for crimes relating to Homeland Security in 2001
- Court Cancellation: Cancellation of the State Security Court
- Conferences and Meetings: Holding conferences and discussions to promote democracy
- Open Communication: Ensuring open channels using television, radio, press, presence of senior officials
Supporting Human Rights
- Amnesty: Amnesty for political prisoners overseas in 1999
- Convention Against Torture: Bahrain signed in 1999
- Commission on Human Rights: Formation of the commission in 1999 to educate and support rights
- General Amnesty: A general amnesty issued for political prisoners in 2001
- United Nations Commission: A member of the UN Commission on Human Rights in 2001
- Union Workers: Union workers law improved in 2002
Justice, Law, and Governance
- Legal System: Bicamaral parliament, personal freedoms, economic openness
- Financial and Administrative Supervision: High levels of management, increased production, discipline
- Transparency and Public Funds: Public finance protection and financial control
- Constitutional Monarchy: 2002 decision on the transition in Bahrain's history of monarchy and gradual change
- Public Freedoms and Social Equality: Development of a responsive parliament, to reduce clashes and grant women equal political rights
- Constitutional Principles and Judiciary Independence: Separation of powers as well as judiciary independence
- Litigation Rights: Right to litigation under the law
- Constitutional Court: Consisting of professionals, nine-year term limits with basic missions
- Safety and Laws: Maintaining safety legislation, continuity of laws, pre and post-constitution links
- Foreign Direct Investment: Foreign Investment totaled 3 billion dollars in 2006, a 21% increase
Future Vision
- Foreign direct investment (FDI) in 2006 reached $3 billion and increased by 21%
- Popular participation, democracy, and respect for human rights are mentioned
- Sheikh Khalifa bin Salman received an urban development award in 2007
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