Bacteriophage Diversity and Targeting Mechanisms
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Questions and Answers

What is the role of tail fibers in a bacteriophage?

  • Form the hollow tube through which the phage genome is transferred
  • Transfer the phage genome to the host cell
  • Help in the replication of the phage genome
  • Facilitate the attachment of the phage to the host cell (correct)

    • What characterizes a lysogenic life cycle of a bacteriophage?

  • The phage genome integrates into the bacterial chromosome (correct)
  • It leads to the lysis of host bacteria
  • It involves complete control over the host cellular mechanism
  • Produce thousands of new phages which infect other bacteria nearby

    • What is the key difference between lytic and lysogenic cycles of a bacteriophage?

  • Lysogenic cycle does not kill the host bacteria, while lytic cycle leads to the death of the host cell (correct)
  • Lysogenic cycle produces thousands of new phages, while lytic cycle establishes a dormant stage
  • Lysogenic cycle involves phage replication, while lytic cycle integrates phage genome into bacterial chromosome
  • Lysogenic cycle causes lysis of the host cell, while lytic cycle establishes a dormant stage

    • What is the main difference between the lysogenic and lytic cycles of viral replication?

    <p>Lysogenic cycle doesn't involve viral proteins, while lytic cycle releases virions bursting and killing the host cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can't the host cell machinery differentiate between viral DNA and its own DNA during the lysogenic cycle?

    <p>The chemical composition of viral DNA is the same as that of the host cell's DNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the lytic cycle considered a major cause of high infectivity rates of viral diseases?

    <p>It releases millions of virions that can infect new sets of host cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major difference between the lytic and lysogenic cycles of viruses?

    <p>Lytic cycle results in the production of new virus particles, while the lysogenic cycle results in the virus being in a prophage state.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of tail fibers in a bacteriophage structure?

    <p>Help in recognizing receptors on the bacterial cell wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it more likely for a lysogenic cycle to convert into a lytic one than vice versa?

    <p>The conversion requires viral genome integration into host genome, which is already present in lysogenic viruses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the next step after phage genome replication in the lytic cycle?

    <p>Biosynthesis of other viral components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of endonucleases encoded by phage genomes during the lytic cycle?

    <p>Destroy the bacterial chromosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the transition from the lysogenic to the lytic cycle in a phage?

    <p>Encountering nutritional deficiencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is lysogenic conversion in a phage life cycle?

    <p>Changes in host phenotype due to prophage presence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens upon induction of a prophage during the lysogenic life cycle?

    <p>Prophage gets excised and enters the lytic cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which genes within a prophage can lead to lysogenic conversion?

    <p>Virulence genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

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