Bacteriology Specimen Collection & Transport Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which type of specimen collection requires a sterile cotton tipped applicator?

Stool

What is the recommended transport temperature for CSF specimens?

4°C

Which transport media is commonly used for stool pathogens and Vibrio?

Cary Blair

Which type of swab is not recommended for fungi and anaerobes?

<p>Cotton</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which specimen should not be refrigerated for long term storage?

<p>Tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of transport media is suitable for Neisseria specimens?

<p>Todd-Hewitt Broth</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of swab is toxic to Neisseria but good for viruses?

<p>Cotton</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of urine specimen requires a preservative for accurate colony count?

<p>Urine collected before antibiotic therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of specimen should be transported to the lab within 2 hours of collection?

<p>Urine in sterile containers</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which transport media contains nutrients, buffer, and a small amount of agar?

<p>Broth Culture Transport Media</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which anticoagulant is commonly used in blood cultures to inhibit Neisseria, G. vaginalis, P. anaerobius, and S. monoliformis?

<p>SPS</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ideal blood to broth ratio for adults in blood cultures?

<p>1:10</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which specimen rejection criteria is NOT correct for blood cultures?

<p>Specimen collected using only alcohol as the antiseptic</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which temperature is recommended for storing bacterial isolates?

<p>Room temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which specimen is used for the isolation of Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus?

<p>Cerebrospinal fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medium is the most suitable for throat swab specimens for the detection of S. pyogenes, C. albicans, and H. influenzae?

<p>Blood agar plate</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which specimen is preferred for acid-fast smears and should be collected in the morning?

<p>Sputum</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Bartlett's classification in sputum analysis?

<p>To assess the quality and scoring of sputum</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which anticoagulant has a bactericidal effect on serum and neutralizes aminoglycosides?

<p>SPS</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gas is used as a filter for the remaining percentage of the anaerobic atmosphere in an anaerobic chamber?

<p>Nitrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the specimen of choice for bacterial culture in urinary tract infections (UTIs)?

<p>Urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organism is the major cause of UTIs?

<p>Escherichia coli (E. coli)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula to compute for colony count per mL of urine?

<p>No. of colonies counted X DF X 1000 (if 1 uL loop was used) = colony count/mL of urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which specimen is preferred for wound/abscess culture?

<p>Needle and syringe aspirate</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which specimen is used to detect the presence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Gardnerella vaginalis, and Chlamydia trachomatis?

<p>Genital tract specimens</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which specimen is used for TB culture?

<p>Sputum</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the gold standard for TB culture?

<p>NALC</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which specimen is used for detection of enteric pathogens?

<p>Stool</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the specimen of choice for detection of carrier state of S. aureus in the nares/nose?

<p>Nasal swab</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the specimen of choice for detection of carrier state of N. meningitidis and for detection of B. pertussis?

<p>Nasal swab</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which biological safety level (BSL) poses the highest risk to laboratory workers?

<p>BSL-4</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which biological safety cabinet class provides the least protection to workers?

<p>Class 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which physical method of sterilization involves the coagulation of enzymes and structural proteins and degradation of nucleic acid?

<p>Moist Heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which chemical method of sterilization uses ethylene oxide as a gas sterilant?

<p>Ethylene oxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which physical method of disinfection refers to the destruction and removal of pathogens, but not necessarily all microorganisms and their spores?

<p>UV</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which chemical method of disinfection includes antiseptics such as alcohols, iodophors, chlorhexidine, and hexachlorophene?

<p>Quaternary ammonium compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which physical method of sterilization involves the complete destruction and removal of all forms of microbial life, including their spores?

<p>Moist Heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method of sterilization is used for the sterilization of culture media that are EGG-BASED AND OF HIGH PROTEIN content since extremely high temperature can denature protein?

<p>Inspissation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method of sterilization is utilized for the sterilization of GLASSWARES, OIL PRODUCTS and POWDERS?

<p>Oven</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which filtration method is used to sterilize heat sensitive materials such as antibiotic solutions, toxic chemicals, vaccines, carbohydrates, and radioisotopes?

<p>Membrane filters</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of radiation exposure is used for sterilizing disposable syringes, gloves, and catheters?

<p>Ionizing radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which chemical sterilant is most commonly used for sterilizing heat sensitive objects and as a disinfectant for machines that cannot be autoclaved or heated?

<p>Ethylene oxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which physical method of disinfection is often used to destroy pathogens in milk and beverages, but cannot eliminate bacterial endospores?

<p>Pasteurization</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which chemical germicide is used on the skin or tissue and not to be substituted for a disinfectant?

<p>Antiseptic</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process yields the most ATP molecules from glycolysis?

<p>PENTOSE-PHOSPHATE (PHOSPHOGLUCONATE) PATHWAY</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process is carried out by obligate anaerobes and facultative anaerobes?

<p>FERMENTATION</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fermentation produces lactic acid only?

<p>HOMOLACTIC FERMENTATION</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fermentation produces lactic acid, formic and acetic acid, alcohols, and CO2?

<p>HETEROLACTIC FERMENTATION</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fermentation produces propionic acid?

<p>PROPIONIC ACID FERMENTATION</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fermentation produces lactic acid, succinic acid, formic acid, and acetic acid?

<p>MIXED-ACID FERMENTATION</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which fermentation is detected by the Voges-Proskauer test?

<p>BUTANEDIOL FERMENTATION</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which compound is the most commonly used for skin disinfection before drawing blood for blood cultures or surgery?

<p>70% ethanol</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended dilution of sodium hypochlorite (household bleach) for disinfecting nonliving surfaces?

<p>1:10</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which heavy metal is the active component of merthiolate (sodium ethyl mercuri-thiosalicylate) and is toxic to humans and the environment?

<p>Mercury</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aldehyde is not used as a surface disinfectant due to its irritating fumes?

<p>Formaldehyde</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which compound disrupts cell membranes, resulting in leakage of cell contents?

<p>Quaternary Ammonium Compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the standard disinfectant in the laboratory against which other chemical disinfectants are compared?

<p>Phenol</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of microscopy is used for stained and unstained samples and has a total magnification of 1000x?

<p>Brightfield Microscope</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of microscopy is used for motility of spirochetes and has higher resolving power than bright field microscopy?

<p>Darkfield Microscope</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of microscopy requires fluorescent stain and is provided by a mercury arc lamp?

<p>Fluorescent Microscope</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which compound is the most commonly used for skin disinfection before drawing blood for blood cultures or surgery?

<p>70% ethanol</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the standard disinfectant in the laboratory against which other chemical disinfectants are compared?

<p>phenol</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of microscopy is used for stained and unstained samples and has a total magnification of 1000x?

<p>Brightfield microscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended dilution of sodium hypochlorite (household bleach) for disinfecting nonliving surfaces?

<p>1:10</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which heavy metal is the active component of merthiolate (sodium ethyl mercuri-thiosalicylate) and is toxic to humans and the environment?

<p>Mercury</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fermentation produces lactic acid, formic and acetic acid, alcohols, and CO2?

<p>Lactic acid fermentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which physical method of disinfection refers to the destruction and removal of pathogens, but not necessarily all microorganisms and their spores?

<p>Disinfection</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which specimen is used for detection of enteric pathogens?

<p>Stool</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method of sterilization is used for the sterilization of culture media that are EGG-BASED AND OF HIGH PROTEIN content since extremely high temperature can denature protein?

<p>Dry heat sterilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of microscopy is used for motility of spirochetes and has higher resolving power than bright field microscopy?

<p>Darkfield microscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Specimen Collection and Transport

  • Sterile cotton tipped applicator is required for collecting CSF specimens
  • CSF specimens should be transported at room temperature
  • Stool pathogens and Vibrio require transport media containing nutrients, buffer, and a small amount of agar
  • Dacron or polyester swabs are not recommended for collecting fungi and anaerobes
  • Urine specimens should not be refrigerated for long-term storage

Transport Media and Swabs

  • Neisseria specimens require transport media containing agar and antibiotics
  • Calcium alginate swabs are toxic to Neisseria but suitable for viruses
  • Preservative is required for accurate colony count in urine specimens

Blood Cultures

  • Blood to broth ratio for adults is ideal at 1:10
  • Sodium polyanethol sulfonate (SPS) is the commonly used anticoagulant to inhibit Neisseria, G.vaginalis, P.anaerobius, and S.monoliformis
  • Blood cultures should be transported to the lab within 2 hours of collection
  • Rejection criteria for blood cultures include hemolyzed or clotted samples

Bacterial Isolation

  • Bacterial isolates should be stored at -70°C or in liquid nitrogen
  • Throat swab specimens are suitable for detecting S.pyogenes, C.albicans, and H.influenzae
  • Sputum specimens are preferred for acid-fast smears and should be collected in the morning
  • Bartlett's classification is used in sputum analysis to determine the quality of the sample

Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)

  • Midstream clean catch urine is the specimen of choice for bacterial culture in UTIs
  • E. coli is the major cause of UTIs
  • Colony count per mL of urine is calculated using the formula: number of colonies / (volume of urine plated x dilution factor)

Anaerobic Culture

  • Anaerobic atmosphere in an anaerobic chamber consists of 80-90% N2, 5-10% H2, and 5-10% CO2
  • Anaerobic culture is used for detecting Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Gardnerella vaginalis, and Chlamydia trachomatis

TB Culture

  • Sputum specimens are used for TB culture
  • The gold standard for TB culture is the Lowenstein-Jensen medium

Microscopy

  • Bright field microscopy is used for stained and unstained samples and has a total magnification of 1000x
  • Dark field microscopy is used for motility of spirochetes and has higher resolving power than bright field microscopy
  • Fluorescence microscopy requires fluorescent stain and is provided by a mercury arc lamp

Sterilization and Disinfection

  • Autoclaving is used for sterilizing culture media that are EGG-BASED AND OF HIGH PROTEIN content
  • Filtration is used for sterilizing heat-sensitive materials such as antibiotic solutions, toxic chemicals, vaccines, carbohydrates, and radioisotopes
  • Gamma radiation is used for sterilizing disposable syringes, gloves, and catheters
  • Ethylene oxide is used as a gas sterilant for sterilizing heat-sensitive objects
  • Pasteurization is used to destroy pathogens in milk and beverages, but cannot eliminate bacterial endospores
  • Isopropyl alcohol is used for skin disinfection before drawing blood for blood cultures or surgery
  • Sodium hypochlorite (household bleach) is used for disinfecting nonliving surfaces and is recommended at a dilution of 1:10
  • Merthiolate (sodium ethyl mercuri-thiosalicylate) contains mercury, which is toxic to humans and the environment

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