Bacteriology Specimen Collection & Transport Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which type of specimen collection requires a sterile cotton tipped applicator?

  • CSF
  • Serous fluid
  • Urine
  • Stool (correct)

    • What is the recommended transport temperature for CSF specimens?

  • -20°C
  • 4°C (correct)
  • Room temperature
  • 35-37°C

    • Which transport media is commonly used for stool pathogens and Vibrio?

  • Transgrow & Jembec
  • Cary Blair (correct)
  • Amies
  • Stuart's

    • Which type of swab is not recommended for fungi and anaerobes?

    <p>Cotton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which specimen should not be refrigerated for long term storage?

    <p>Tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of transport media is suitable for Neisseria specimens?

    <p>Todd-Hewitt Broth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of swab is toxic to Neisseria but good for viruses?

    <p>Cotton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of urine specimen requires a preservative for accurate colony count?

    <p>Urine collected before antibiotic therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of specimen should be transported to the lab within 2 hours of collection?

    <p>Urine in sterile containers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which transport media contains nutrients, buffer, and a small amount of agar?

    <p>Broth Culture Transport Media</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anticoagulant is commonly used in blood cultures to inhibit Neisseria, G. vaginalis, P. anaerobius, and S. monoliformis?

    <p>SPS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ideal blood to broth ratio for adults in blood cultures?

    <p>1:10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which specimen rejection criteria is NOT correct for blood cultures?

    <p>Specimen collected using only alcohol as the antiseptic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which temperature is recommended for storing bacterial isolates?

    <p>Room temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which specimen is used for the isolation of Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus?

    <p>Cerebrospinal fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medium is the most suitable for throat swab specimens for the detection of S. pyogenes, C. albicans, and H. influenzae?

    <p>Blood agar plate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which specimen is preferred for acid-fast smears and should be collected in the morning?

    <p>Sputum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Bartlett's classification in sputum analysis?

    <p>To assess the quality and scoring of sputum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anticoagulant has a bactericidal effect on serum and neutralizes aminoglycosides?

    <p>SPS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas is used as a filter for the remaining percentage of the anaerobic atmosphere in an anaerobic chamber?

    <p>Nitrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the specimen of choice for bacterial culture in urinary tract infections (UTIs)?

    <p>Urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism is the major cause of UTIs?

    <p>Escherichia coli (E. coli)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula to compute for colony count per mL of urine?

    <p>No. of colonies counted X DF X 1000 (if 1 uL loop was used) = colony count/mL of urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which specimen is preferred for wound/abscess culture?

    <p>Needle and syringe aspirate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which specimen is used to detect the presence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Gardnerella vaginalis, and Chlamydia trachomatis?

    <p>Genital tract specimens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which specimen is used for TB culture?

    <p>Sputum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the gold standard for TB culture?

    <p>NALC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which specimen is used for detection of enteric pathogens?

    <p>Stool</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specimen of choice for detection of carrier state of S. aureus in the nares/nose?

    <p>Nasal swab</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specimen of choice for detection of carrier state of N. meningitidis and for detection of B. pertussis?

    <p>Nasal swab</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which biological safety level (BSL) poses the highest risk to laboratory workers?

    <p>BSL-4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which biological safety cabinet class provides the least protection to workers?

    <p>Class 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which physical method of sterilization involves the coagulation of enzymes and structural proteins and degradation of nucleic acid?

    <p>Moist Heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemical method of sterilization uses ethylene oxide as a gas sterilant?

    <p>Ethylene oxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which physical method of disinfection refers to the destruction and removal of pathogens, but not necessarily all microorganisms and their spores?

    <p>UV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemical method of disinfection includes antiseptics such as alcohols, iodophors, chlorhexidine, and hexachlorophene?

    <p>Quaternary ammonium compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which physical method of sterilization involves the complete destruction and removal of all forms of microbial life, including their spores?

    <p>Moist Heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method of sterilization is used for the sterilization of culture media that are EGG-BASED AND OF HIGH PROTEIN content since extremely high temperature can denature protein?

    <p>Inspissation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method of sterilization is utilized for the sterilization of GLASSWARES, OIL PRODUCTS and POWDERS?

    <p>Oven</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which filtration method is used to sterilize heat sensitive materials such as antibiotic solutions, toxic chemicals, vaccines, carbohydrates, and radioisotopes?

    <p>Membrane filters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of radiation exposure is used for sterilizing disposable syringes, gloves, and catheters?

    <p>Ionizing radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemical sterilant is most commonly used for sterilizing heat sensitive objects and as a disinfectant for machines that cannot be autoclaved or heated?

    <p>Ethylene oxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which physical method of disinfection is often used to destroy pathogens in milk and beverages, but cannot eliminate bacterial endospores?

    <p>Pasteurization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemical germicide is used on the skin or tissue and not to be substituted for a disinfectant?

    <p>Antiseptic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process yields the most ATP molecules from glycolysis?

    <p>PENTOSE-PHOSPHATE (PHOSPHOGLUCONATE) PATHWAY</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is carried out by obligate anaerobes and facultative anaerobes?

    <p>FERMENTATION</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fermentation produces lactic acid only?

    <p>HOMOLACTIC FERMENTATION</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fermentation produces lactic acid, formic and acetic acid, alcohols, and CO2?

    <p>HETEROLACTIC FERMENTATION</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fermentation produces propionic acid?

    <p>PROPIONIC ACID FERMENTATION</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fermentation produces lactic acid, succinic acid, formic acid, and acetic acid?

    <p>MIXED-ACID FERMENTATION</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fermentation is detected by the Voges-Proskauer test?

    <p>BUTANEDIOL FERMENTATION</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound is the most commonly used for skin disinfection before drawing blood for blood cultures or surgery?

    <p>70% ethanol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dilution of sodium hypochlorite (household bleach) for disinfecting nonliving surfaces?

    <p>1:10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which heavy metal is the active component of merthiolate (sodium ethyl mercuri-thiosalicylate) and is toxic to humans and the environment?

    <p>Mercury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aldehyde is not used as a surface disinfectant due to its irritating fumes?

    <p>Formaldehyde</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound disrupts cell membranes, resulting in leakage of cell contents?

    <p>Quaternary Ammonium Compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the standard disinfectant in the laboratory against which other chemical disinfectants are compared?

    <p>Phenol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of microscopy is used for stained and unstained samples and has a total magnification of 1000x?

    <p>Brightfield Microscope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of microscopy is used for motility of spirochetes and has higher resolving power than bright field microscopy?

    <p>Darkfield Microscope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of microscopy requires fluorescent stain and is provided by a mercury arc lamp?

    <p>Fluorescent Microscope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound is the most commonly used for skin disinfection before drawing blood for blood cultures or surgery?

    <p>70% ethanol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the standard disinfectant in the laboratory against which other chemical disinfectants are compared?

    <p>phenol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of microscopy is used for stained and unstained samples and has a total magnification of 1000x?

    <p>Brightfield microscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dilution of sodium hypochlorite (household bleach) for disinfecting nonliving surfaces?

    <p>1:10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which heavy metal is the active component of merthiolate (sodium ethyl mercuri-thiosalicylate) and is toxic to humans and the environment?

    <p>Mercury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fermentation produces lactic acid, formic and acetic acid, alcohols, and CO2?

    <p>Lactic acid fermentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which physical method of disinfection refers to the destruction and removal of pathogens, but not necessarily all microorganisms and their spores?

    <p>Disinfection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which specimen is used for detection of enteric pathogens?

    <p>Stool</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method of sterilization is used for the sterilization of culture media that are EGG-BASED AND OF HIGH PROTEIN content since extremely high temperature can denature protein?

    <p>Dry heat sterilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of microscopy is used for motility of spirochetes and has higher resolving power than bright field microscopy?

    <p>Darkfield microscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Specimen Collection and Transport

    • Sterile cotton tipped applicator is required for collecting CSF specimens
    • CSF specimens should be transported at room temperature
    • Stool pathogens and Vibrio require transport media containing nutrients, buffer, and a small amount of agar
    • Dacron or polyester swabs are not recommended for collecting fungi and anaerobes
    • Urine specimens should not be refrigerated for long-term storage

    Transport Media and Swabs

    • Neisseria specimens require transport media containing agar and antibiotics
    • Calcium alginate swabs are toxic to Neisseria but suitable for viruses
    • Preservative is required for accurate colony count in urine specimens

    Blood Cultures

    • Blood to broth ratio for adults is ideal at 1:10
    • Sodium polyanethol sulfonate (SPS) is the commonly used anticoagulant to inhibit Neisseria, G.vaginalis, P.anaerobius, and S.monoliformis
    • Blood cultures should be transported to the lab within 2 hours of collection
    • Rejection criteria for blood cultures include hemolyzed or clotted samples

    Bacterial Isolation

    • Bacterial isolates should be stored at -70°C or in liquid nitrogen
    • Throat swab specimens are suitable for detecting S.pyogenes, C.albicans, and H.influenzae
    • Sputum specimens are preferred for acid-fast smears and should be collected in the morning
    • Bartlett's classification is used in sputum analysis to determine the quality of the sample

    Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)

    • Midstream clean catch urine is the specimen of choice for bacterial culture in UTIs
    • E. coli is the major cause of UTIs
    • Colony count per mL of urine is calculated using the formula: number of colonies / (volume of urine plated x dilution factor)

    Anaerobic Culture

    • Anaerobic atmosphere in an anaerobic chamber consists of 80-90% N2, 5-10% H2, and 5-10% CO2
    • Anaerobic culture is used for detecting Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Gardnerella vaginalis, and Chlamydia trachomatis

    TB Culture

    • Sputum specimens are used for TB culture
    • The gold standard for TB culture is the Lowenstein-Jensen medium

    Microscopy

    • Bright field microscopy is used for stained and unstained samples and has a total magnification of 1000x
    • Dark field microscopy is used for motility of spirochetes and has higher resolving power than bright field microscopy
    • Fluorescence microscopy requires fluorescent stain and is provided by a mercury arc lamp

    Sterilization and Disinfection

    • Autoclaving is used for sterilizing culture media that are EGG-BASED AND OF HIGH PROTEIN content
    • Filtration is used for sterilizing heat-sensitive materials such as antibiotic solutions, toxic chemicals, vaccines, carbohydrates, and radioisotopes
    • Gamma radiation is used for sterilizing disposable syringes, gloves, and catheters
    • Ethylene oxide is used as a gas sterilant for sterilizing heat-sensitive objects
    • Pasteurization is used to destroy pathogens in milk and beverages, but cannot eliminate bacterial endospores
    • Isopropyl alcohol is used for skin disinfection before drawing blood for blood cultures or surgery
    • Sodium hypochlorite (household bleach) is used for disinfecting nonliving surfaces and is recommended at a dilution of 1:10
    • Merthiolate (sodium ethyl mercuri-thiosalicylate) contains mercury, which is toxic to humans and the environment

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on Bacteriology Specimen Collection & Transport with this informative quiz. Learn about the importance of collecting specimens before antibiotic therapy, ensuring aseptic collection, and using sterile containers. Discover the ideal timeframe for transporting specimens to the lab and the appropriate methods for collecting various types of samples.

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