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Questions and Answers
During bacterial conjugation, what is the primary role of the donor cell?
During bacterial conjugation, what is the primary role of the donor cell?
- Transferring plasmids through pili to a recipient cell. (correct)
- Transferring a complete copy of its chromosome.
- Synthesizing proteins for the recipient cell.
- Receiving genetic material from another bacterium.
Which of the following accurately describes the process of bacterial transformation?
Which of the following accurately describes the process of bacterial transformation?
- Injection of DNA into a bacterium by a virus.
- Transfer of genetic material via direct contact using pili.
- Uptake of free DNA fragments from the environment. (correct)
- Replication of plasmids within the bacterial cytoplasm.
What is the main function of the FtsZ protein in bacterial cell division?
What is the main function of the FtsZ protein in bacterial cell division?
- To replicate the cell's DNA before division.
- To elongate the cell during replication.
- To separate the daughter cells after division.
- To form the contractile ring for septum formation. (correct)
How does temperature primarily affect bacterial growth rates?
How does temperature primarily affect bacterial growth rates?
In bacterial physiology, how does the pH of the external environment affect the internal pH of a bacterium?
In bacterial physiology, how does the pH of the external environment affect the internal pH of a bacterium?
What is the key role of bacterial DNA replication in binary fission?
What is the key role of bacterial DNA replication in binary fission?
Which role does the 'cola' (tail) play in the life cycle of bacteriophages?
Which role does the 'cola' (tail) play in the life cycle of bacteriophages?
How do bacteria benefit from producing lactic acid during fermentation?
How do bacteria benefit from producing lactic acid during fermentation?
What is the correct order of the steps of bacterial replication during binary fission?
What is the correct order of the steps of bacterial replication during binary fission?
What is the primary factor that differentiates thermophilic from mesophilic bacteria?
What is the primary factor that differentiates thermophilic from mesophilic bacteria?
Flashcards
¿Qué es el crecimiento bacteriano?
¿Qué es el crecimiento bacteriano?
Bacterial growth refers to the increase in cellular mass and multiplication.
¿Qué es la fisión binaria?
¿Qué es la fisión binaria?
Binary fission is the process where one bacterial cell divides into two identical daughter cells.
¿Qué es la replicación?
¿Qué es la replicación?
Replication is the exact copying of the cell's DNA.
¿Qué es la conjugación bacteriana?
¿Qué es la conjugación bacteriana?
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¿Qué es la transformacion bacteriana?
¿Qué es la transformacion bacteriana?
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¿Qué es la transcripcion?
¿Qué es la transcripcion?
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¿Qué es la temperatura óptima?
¿Qué es la temperatura óptima?
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¿Qué son los acidófilos?
¿Qué son los acidófilos?
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¿Qué son los neutrófilos?
¿Qué son los neutrófilos?
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¿Qué son los basófilos/alcalófilos?
¿Qué son los basófilos/alcalófilos?
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Study Notes
- Bacterial growth refers to the increase in cellular mass, implying multiplication at the population level.
Binary Fission Steps
- Prokaryotic parent cell divides into two cells through binary fission.
- DNA replication occurs.
- The cell elongates.
- A septum forms.
- Walls form.
- Separation into two cells happens.
Replication
- An exact copy of the cell's DNA is created, a double-stranded DNA.
Bacterial Conjugation
- Involves plasmids, pili, and a donor-receptor relationship, through the transfer of DNA.
Bacterial Transformation
- Involves lysis and fragments
Transduction
- Involves phages.
Phages
- Consist of DNA or RNA, with an intracellular component and a head or capsid with a tail (tube).
- Infection involves adsorption, irreversible union, sheath contraction and injection.
Factors
- Growth kinetics and factors affecting generation time and environmental factors limit the growth, including pH, water, and redox potential.
Temperature
- Optimum temperature allows for effective growth.
- Below minimum temp there's no growth.
- Above optimum temp, growth decreases and leads to cell death.
Classification by Temperature
- Psychrotrophs or psychrotolerants grow at a minimum of 0°C, optimum around 35°C.
- Psychrophiles grow at a minimum of 0°C, optimum at 12-15°C, maximum at 20°C.
- Mesophiles grow at a minimum of 20°C, optimum at 35-37°C, maximum at 42°C.
- Thermophiles grow at a minimum of 42°C, optimum at 56°C, maximum at 80°C.
- Hyperthermophiles grow at a minimum of 60°C, optimum at 80°C, can exceed 110°C.
- Thermotrophs grow at 15-20°C, optimum is 30-40°C, and the maxium is 45-50°C.
pH
- The pH of the medium regulates the pH of the bacteria.
- It influences the transport of hydrogen ions across the cytoplasmic membrane.
- Neutrophils function around a pH of 7, acidophiles below 5, and basophiles above 8.
- Intracellular pH is slightly higher than the surrounding environment.
pH preferences
- Acidophiles have a range of 1-5.5 and an optimum of 2-3.
- Neutrophils have a range of 5.5-7.5 and an optimum of 6.5-7.0. -Basophiles or alkaliphiles have a range of 8.5-11.5 and an optimum of 9.0-10.0.
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