41 Questions
What is the main method of reproduction for bacteria?
Binary fission
Which of the following nutrients is NOT required for microbial growth?
Chlorine
At what pH range do most bacteria grow?
5-8
Which type of bacteria requires oxygen to grow?
Aerobe
Which of the following is an example of an obligate aerobe bacterium?
Bacillus subtilis
What type of organism does not require oxygen to sustain its metabolic processes?
Anaerobe
Which type of bacteria can tolerate the presence of oxygen but do not require it for growth?
Facultative anaerobe
What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport reaction for obligate aerobes?
$O_2$ (Oxygen)
Which type of organism requires oxygen to survive?
Obligate aerobe
What is the term for an anaerobic organism that can tolerate the presence of oxygen but does not require it for growth?
Aerotolerant anaerobe
What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport reaction for obligate anaerobes?
Sulfur
Which type of bacteria require low levels of oxygen for growth?
Facultative anaerobe
Which process do bacteria use for reproduction?
Binary fission
Which type of bacteria requires oxygen to survive?
Aerobe
What kind of metabolic processes do anaerobic bacteria have?
Not coupled with oxygen consumption
What is the temperature range for the optimum growth of mesophilic bacteria?
20-45 °C (68-113 °F)
What is the upper temperature limit for thermophiles to grow?
60 °C (140 °F)
At what temperature do psychrophiles grow?
Below 10 °C (50 °F)
What type of bacteria are largely responsible for infecting humans and animals?
Mesophiles
What is the focus of the study of bacterial metabolism?
Substrate oxidations and assimilation reactions
What type of reactions in bacteria generate energy?
Substrate oxidations and dissimilation reactions
Which enzyme systems catalyze exergonic and endergonic reactions within bacterial cells?
Integrated enzyme systems
What is the end result of bacterial metabolism?
Self-replication of the cell
What is the main substrate used for studying heterotrophic metabolism?
Glucose
How many ATP molecules are normally generated from the oxidation of 1 molecule of glucose?
38 ATP
Which process yields approximately 380,000 calories per mole of glucose?
Respiration
Which type of bacteria requires an organic compound as a terminal electron acceptor in fermentation?
Anaerobic bacteria
What is the end product of lactic acid fermentation in some bacteria such as lactobacillus?
Ethanol
What is formed from the anaerobic dissimilation of glucose in fermentations?
Simple organic end products
Which compound is most commonly generated from the incomplete biologic oxidation process in fermentation?
Pyruvate
What can acetaldehyde be reduced to by NADH + H+ during fermentation?
$\beta$-acetolactate
What is the end product of lactic acid fermentation?
Lactic acid
What is required as a terminal electron acceptor in fermentation?
An organic compound
What type of metabolism does respiration express?
Heterotrophic metabolism
During which phase of bacterial growth does the cell number increase in a logarithmic fashion?
Exponential phase
What is the process called when one bacterial cell divides into two daughter cells?
Binary fission
What is the first thing that happens during the lag phase of bacterial growth?
Increase in cell mass
What marks the end of the log phase of bacterial growth?
Depletion of nutrients
What is synthesized by bacterial cells during the lag phase of growth?
Growth factors
Which phase of the bacterial growth curve involves the preparation for reproduction but no actual reproduction?
Lag phase
What happens during the log (exponential) phase of bacterial growth?
Cell number increases in a logarithmic fashion
Test your knowledge on bacterial growth, reproduction, and environmental requirements for microbial growth. Explore the process of binary fission and the essential nutrients and conditions required for bacterial growth.
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