Bacterial Polymers and Biofilms Quiz

<p>Facilitating efficient nutrient delivery to bacteria within the biofilm and removal of metabolic waste products. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Depletes the host's available energy resources, particularly affecting immune cell function. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Toll Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) on immune cells, initiating a cascade of inflammatory signaling events. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Non-specific activation of a broad population of T-cells by bridging Class II MHC on APCs with the TCR. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Widespread systemic inflammation and physiological dysregulation caused by excessive cytokine release. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tick - Bubonic plague (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Host cell immune responses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fimbriae/pili (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA transfer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They facilitate the formation of biofilms, aiding in attachment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antibiotics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Barometric pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adhesion to host cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To facilitate the direct transfer of toxic proteins into host cells. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cholera (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Small drug-like toxins, such as polyketides (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can directly inject toxins into host cells upon contact. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Droplet transmission involves larger particles that travel shorter distances, while airborne transmission involves smaller particles that can travel longer distances. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mainly Gram-negative bacteria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Soil containing anthrax spores (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rabies primarily spreads through animal bites, while anthrax can spread through contact with contaminated animal products or spores. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Scavenging iron from the host environment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A protein toxin, causing Toxic Shock Syndrome. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He identified contaminated water as the source of a cholera outbreak. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The adaptor links the toxin to the injector machinery. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A contaminated doorknob (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immune inhibitors and antibiotics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They often involve respiratory symptoms. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vertical transmission occurs from mother to offspring, while other forms occur between any two individuals. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Survival in the host and tissue damage capacity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Promoting adhesion to host cells and evading immune responses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pathogenicity refers to the ability to cause disease, while virulence refers to the severity of the disease. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Invasion of host tissues and immune evasion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By enabling the bacterium to adapt to the intracellular environment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide a site for the pathogen to replicate and maintain its population (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pathogen will spread widely but cause mostly mild or asymptomatic infections. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The combined effects of bacterial toxins, enzymes, and other virulence factors on host cells and tissues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An organism that causes disease to its host.

The capacity to initiate an infectious disease.

The capacity to cause disease and its severity.

The ability to transmit from human-to-human or reservoir-to-human.

The ability to breach host defenses.

Proteins or molecules essential for a pathogen's pathogenicity.

Humans that transmit pathogens directly to others.

Pathogens transmitted from animals, with humans as incidental hosts.

Transmission of diseases from animals to humans, e.g., rabies or plague.

Sources in the environment, such as plants or water, that harbor pathogens.

A disease caused by Vibrio cholerae from contaminated water, leading to severe diarrhea.

Microbes transferred via touching or direct body contact between individuals.

Transmission involving contaminated objects (fomites) that carry pathogens.

Spread of pathogens through droplets in the air from coughing or sneezing.

Pathogens from animals via bites, contaminated food, or animal products.

A respiratory disease caused by Legionella bacteria, often linked to water supplies.

Organisms like ticks, mosquitos, and fleas that transmit pathogens.

Products derived from biological sources, including vaccines and blood products.

The ability of pathogens to survive in varying conditions like pH and temperature.

Process by which organisms attach to host tissues for colonization.

Proteins like pili and fimbriae that help pathogens stick to host cells.

Short protein fibers aiding bacterial attachment to surfaces.

Generic surface structures that assist in attachment during colonization.

Specialized pili used for DNA transfer and motility in bacteria.

Polymers secreted by bacteria into the environment, often hydrophobic.

A protective layer around bacteria formed by polysaccharides, preventing harmful ingress.

Mechanism by which CPS prevents immune cells from engulfing bacteria.

Complex communities of microbes that enhance survival on surfaces or tissues.

Biofilms form barriers that limit the penetration of antibiotics.

Methods used by pathogens to evade or attack host defenses.

Toxins that trigger excessive immune responses, leading to cytokine storms.

A component triggering inflammation via Toll Like Receptor TLR4.

A multi-protein injection machine used by pathogens to deliver toxins into host cells.

Multi-enzyme complexes that produce small drug-like toxins and immune inhibitors.

Systems in bacteria that secrete proteins or toxins directly into host cells, critical for bacterial virulence.

Bacteria with thick cell walls, can secrete toxins and proteins to enter host cells.

Bacteria with thinner cell walls that often have more complex toxin delivery systems.

Toxins produced actively by pathogens to evade immune responses and cause damage.

Molecules produced by pathogens to suppress the host's immune response.

Small molecules produced by bacteria to scavenge iron from the host, essential for bacterial growth.