Bacterial Pathogens: Staphylococcus & Neisseria

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Questions and Answers

What are the initial symptoms of Lyme disease?

Chronic diarrhea and dehydration

Severe muscle cramps and hypotension

Fever, headache, stiff neck, and dizziness (correct)

Joint inflammation and fatigue

What bacteria is responsible for cholera, and what is its morphology?

Escherichia coli; bacillus shape

Salmonella typhi; spherical shape

Staphylococcus aureus; cocci shape

Vibrio cholera; curved rod (comma-shaped) gram-negative (correct)

Which of the following is a method used to prevent Lyme disease?

Boiling water before consumption

Wearing protective clothing and using insect repellent (correct)

Proper sewage disposal

Regular exercise and hydration

How can cholera be diagnosed?

Stool cultures on specific media or rapid tests Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment for severe cases of cholera?

Rehydration with a sugar-salt solution and tetracycline Signup and view all the answers

What is the morphology of Staphylococcus aureus?

Spherical bacteria in clusters Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a method of transmission for Staphylococcus aureus?

Vector-borne transmission Signup and view all the answers

What type of infections can Staphylococcus aureus lead to if left untreated?

Serious infections such as bloodstream infections Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is associated with toxic shock syndrome caused by Staphylococcus aureus?

Rash on palms and soles Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary portal of entry for Staphylococcus aureus?

Skin through wounds or follicles Signup and view all the answers

What symptom is NOT commonly associated with food poisoning caused by Staphylococcus aureus?

High fever Signup and view all the answers

How is a diagnosis for Staphylococcus aureus infection typically made?

Obtaining a culture from the infection site Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diseases is NOT caused by Staphylococcus aureus?

Classical tuberculosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of transmission for pneumococcal disease?

Inhaling bacteria droplet from an infected person Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of meningitis according to the provided information?

Skin rash Signup and view all the answers

What can untreated pneumococcal disease lead to?

Septic shock and lung abscess Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment is recommended for Neisseria meningitidis infections?

Cephalosporins (3rd generation) Signup and view all the answers

Which method is indicated for diagnosing pneumococcal disease?

Blood test (CBC) Signup and view all the answers

What is the morphology of Neisseria meningitidis?

Pleomorphic, encapsulated diplococci Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an appropriate preventative measure for meningitis?

Vaccination Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of untreated Neisseria meningitidis infection?

Hearing loss Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is true for Streptococcus pneumonia?

It is alpha-hemolytic and spherical. Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining feature of Neisseria meningitidis?

It has a kidney bean shape and is encapsulated. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes Clostridium perfringens?

It is capsulated and strictly anaerobic. Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is NOT associated with Listeria monocytogenes?

It is spore-forming. Signup and view all the answers

What is a unique feature of Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

It is rod-shaped and acid-fast. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding the motility of these bacteria?

Clostridium perfringens is non-motile. Signup and view all the answers

What respiratory classification is applicable to Clostridium perfringens?

Obligate anaerobic. Signup and view all the answers

Which bacteria is known to be alpha-hemolytic?

Streptococcus pneumonia. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bacteria is described as strictly aerobic and does not produce spores?

Bordetella pertussis Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is shared by both Herpes simplex 2 and Epstein-Barr virus?

Both are DNA viruses Signup and view all the answers

Which organism is a protozoan that causes dysentery?

Entamoeba histolytica Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of Helicobacter pylori?

Curved and helical Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organisms belongs to the group of helminths?

Necator americanus Signup and view all the answers

What type of antigenic structure does Vibrio cholera possess?

Flagellar H antigen and a somatic O antigen Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following viruses has single-stranded RNA?

Morbillivirus Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Treponema pallidum from other listed bacteria?

It is a spirochete Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organisms is known to be helical-shaped and aerophilic?

Helicobacter pylori Signup and view all the answers

What type of nucleic acid does HIV contain?

Single-stranded RNA Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Staphylococcus aureus

Spherical, gram-positive bacteria arranged in clusters.
Transmitted through direct contact with infected individuals, contaminated objects, or inhalation of respiratory droplets.
Enters the body via skin wounds, hair follicles, or glands.
Associated diseases include MRSA, local cutaneous infections (folliculitis, furuncle, carbuncle, impetigo), bacteremia, osteomyelitis, food intoxication, and toxic shock syndrome.
Symptoms: skin infections (red, painful areas, pus-filled blisters), food poisoning (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea), toxic shock syndrome (high fever, rash, confusion).
Untreated infections can lead to severe conditions such as bloodstream infections and pneumonia.
Diagnosis through culture from infected areas or exposure history.

Neisseria meningitidis

Non-spore forming, non-motile, encapsulated gram-negative diplococcus with a kidney bean shape.
Transmission is via mucosal attachment, entering the bloodstream, and crossing the blood-brain barrier, potentially leading to meningitis.
Human nasopharynx serves as its natural reservoir.
Rapidly onset disease characterized as meningitis with symptoms including fever, sore throat, headache, and stiff neck.
Untreated cases can result in cognitive impairment, learning disabilities, and death.
Diagnosis involves gram stain, CSF, and blood tests.
Treatment includes cephalosporins that penetrate the blood-brain barrier.
Preventable by vaccination.

Clostridium perfringens

Pleomorphic, gram-positive bacteria with straight or curved rods, non-motile and capsulated.
Symptoms may mimic neuromuscular conditions, with initial fever, headache, and dizziness.
If untreated, can lead to severe cardiac and neurological complications.
Diagnosis involves Lyme antibody tests.
Treatment options include tetracycline or amoxicillin.
Prevention strategies include protective clothing, insect repellent, and pest control.

Vibrio cholerae

Curved, gram-negative, aerobic rod-shaped bacteria.
Ingestion through contaminated food or water is the primary mode of transmission.
Infects the mucous barrier of the small intestine and is non-invasive.
Causes cholera, characterized by severe diarrhea and electrolyte loss due to cholera toxin.
Symptoms include "rice-water" stool, muscle cramps, severe thirst, and hypotension.
Untreated, patients can lose up to 50% of body weight.
Diagnosis through stool cultures or rapid dipsticks.
Treatment includes rehydration and tetracycline administration.
Preventative measures involve proper sewage disposal and water purification.

Additional Pathogens

Streptococcus pneumoniae: Spherical, alpha-hemolytic bacteria found in pairs, non-motile.
Listeria monocytogenes: Rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, catalase-positive, facultative anaerobic organisms.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Acid-fast bacteria, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, causes tuberculosis.
Bordetella pertussis: Coccoid, gram-negative, encapsulated, non-spore-forming bacteria that causes whooping cough.
Treponema pallidum: Spirochete, helically coiled, responsible for syphilis.
Borrelia burgdorferi: Spiral-shaped spirochete causing Lyme disease, equipped with flagella.
Helicobacter pylori: Aerophilic, helical-shaped with flagella, linked to stomach ulcers.

Viruses

Herpes simplex 2: DNA virus, double-stranded, encapsulated.
Epstein-Barr: DNA virus, double-stranded, encapsulated, associated with mono.
Hepatitis B: DNA virus, both single and double-stranded, encapsulated, affecting liver.
Morbillivirus (measles): RNA virus, single-stranded, encapsulated, causes measles.
HIV: RNA virus, single-stranded, encapsulated, leads to AIDS.

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Description

Explore the characteristics and diseases associated with Staphylococcus aureus and Neisseria meningitidis. This quiz covers transmission, symptoms, and diagnosis of these significant bacterial pathogens. Test your knowledge on the various infections caused by these bacteria.