Bacterial Metabolism Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of NADH in fermentation?

  • To reduce pyruvic acid to lactic acid or alcohol (correct)
  • To generate ATP through substrate-level phosphorylation
  • To increase the ATP yield during aerobic respiration
  • To act as a final electron acceptor

    • What is the theoretical maximum yield of ATP per glucose molecule during aerobic respiration?

  • 30-32 ATP
  • 45-47 ATP
  • 36-38 ATP (correct)
  • 40-42 ATP

    • What is the role of dehydrogenation reactions in fermentation?

  • To donate electrons to a final electron acceptor
  • To generate ATP through substrate-level phosphorylation (correct)
  • To oxidize glucose and generate ATP
  • To reduce pyruvic acid to lactic acid or alcohol

    • What is the purpose of culture media in microbiology?

    <p>To provide essential nutrients and minerals for microbial growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for microorganisms that cannot grow on culture media under any condition?

    <p>Obligate parasites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the electron transport chain in aerobic respiration?

    <p>To oxidize glucose and generate ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of culturing microorganisms?

    <p>To diagnose infectious diseases, obtain antigens, and develop serological assays for vaccines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

    <p>The presence or absence of oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the incompletely oxidized organic compounds formed during fermentation?

    <p>Simple organic end products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of solid culture media?

    <p>It contains 1.5-2.0% agar concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main use of liquid media?

    <p>To propagate many organisms, study fermentation, and perform various other tests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of semi-solid media?

    <p>To study the motility of microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the agar concentration in semi-solid media?

    <p>0.2-0.5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of MacConkey agar?

    <p>To allow for uniform and turbid growth of bacterial colonies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Tryptic soy broth?

    <p>To propagate many organisms and perform various other tests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Hugh and Leifson’s oxidation fermentation medium?

    <p>To distinguish between motile and non-motile bacterial strains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of catabolic reactions in bacterial metabolism?

    <p>To break down large compounds and store energy in ATP molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of energy for anabolic reactions in bacterial metabolism?

    <p>Catabolic reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of the uptake and utilization of inorganic or organic compounds required for growth and maintenance of a cellular steady state?

    <p>Bacterial metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the chemical reactions that break down large compounds and release energy?

    <p>Catabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the chemical reactions that require energy to build large compounds?

    <p>Anabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the electron transport chain in bacterial metabolism?

    <p>To generate ATP molecules during aerobic respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose and produces ATP?

    <p>Cellular respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of breaking down glucose in the absence of oxygen, resulting in the production of ATP?

    <p>Fermentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the net ATP gain during aerobic respiration?

    <p>38 ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is reduced during oxidation-reduction reactions in cellular respiration?

    <p>NAD+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of energy for most microorganisms?

    <p>Carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the byproduct of glycolysis that is used in the electron transport chain?

    <p>NADH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the terminal electron acceptor in aerobic respiration?

    <p>Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the electron transport chain?

    <p>To generate ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of fermentation in the absence of oxygen?

    <p>Accumulation of pyruvate and NADH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the pathway that produces ATP and NADH during glycolysis?

    <p>Glycolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of selective media?

    <p>To allow the growth of certain microbes while inhibiting others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of media is typically used as a broth medium?

    <p>Enrichment media</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of indicators like dyes or metabolic substrates in differential/indicator media?

    <p>To give different colors to colonies of different microbial species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following media is used to recover pathogens from fecal samples?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of adding substances like antibiotics, dyes, bile salts, or pH adjustments to selective media?

    <p>To allow the growth of certain microbes while inhibiting others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of media is used to inhibit the growth of commensals in the clinical specimen?

    <p>Enrichment media</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between selective media and enrichment media?

    <p>Selective media are used to allow the growth of certain microbes while inhibiting others, while enrichment media are used to increase the relative concentration of specific microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of media mentioned in the text?

    <p>Transport media</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Bacterial Metabolism

    • Bacterial metabolism is the study of the uptake and utilization of inorganic or organic compounds required for growth and maintenance of a cellular steady state.
    • It involves assimilation reactions, which are exergonic (energy-yielding) and endergonic (energy-requiring) reactions catalyzed by integrated enzyme systems within the living bacterial cell.

    Metabolism Overview

    • Metabolism is divided into two types: catabolism and anabolism.
    • Catabolism is the breakdown of large compounds to release energy, which is stored in ATP molecules.
    • Anabolism is the buildup of large compounds using energy from ATP molecules.
    • Catabolic reactions provide energy for anabolic reactions.

    Cellular Respiration

    • Cellular respiration is a metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose and produces ATP.
    • It involves the reduction of pyruvic acid to lactic acid or alcohol, and the conversion of NADH back to NAD+.
    • The theoretical maximum yield of ATP per glucose is 38, but newer sources suggest it may be around 30-32 ATP molecules.

    Fermentation

    • Fermentation is the anaerobic dissimilation of glucose, resulting in the formation of simple organic end products.
    • Energy is generated through dehydrogenation reactions, and ATP is produced.
    • The simple organic end products serve as final electron and hydrogen acceptors.

    Bacterial Nutrition and Growth

    • Autotrophs are organisms that can synthesize their own nutrients from inorganic compounds.

    Culture Media

    • Culture media are mediums that provide essential nutrients and minerals to support the growth of microorganisms in the laboratory.
    • Classification of culture media is based on consistency (solid, semi-solid, and liquid), and application/chemical composition (selective, enrichment, differential, and indicator media).

    Classification of Culture Media

    Based on Consistency

    • Solid media: contain agar at a concentration of 1.5-2.0%, allowing for the growth of bacteria in physically informative ways.
    • Semi-solid media: have a reduced agar concentration (0.2-0.5%), used to study the motility of microorganisms and cultivate microaerophilic bacteria.
    • Liquid media: do not contain solidifying agents, allowing for uniform and turbid growth of bacterial strains.

    Based on Application/Chemical Composition

    • Selective media: allow the growth of certain microbes while inhibiting the growth of others, using substances like antibiotics, dyes, bile salts, or pH adjustments.
    • Enrichment media: increase the relative concentration of specific microorganisms in the culture before plating on a solid selective medium.
    • Differential/Indicator media: contain indicators like dyes or metabolic substrates that give different colors to colonies of different microbial species based on their metabolic reactions.

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    Test your knowledge on bacterial metabolism, including chemical reactions and types of metabolism.

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