Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a characteristic feature of Vibrio bacteria?
What is a characteristic feature of Vibrio bacteria?
How is Shigellosis diagnosed?
How is Shigellosis diagnosed?
Which environment does Vibrio thrive in?
Which environment does Vibrio thrive in?
How is Shigella primarily transmitted?
How is Shigella primarily transmitted?
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What is a key virulence factor produced by Vibrio bacteria?
What is a key virulence factor produced by Vibrio bacteria?
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How can Shigella infection be prevented?
How can Shigella infection be prevented?
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Which bacterium exhibits a distinctive branching pattern?
Which bacterium exhibits a distinctive branching pattern?
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Which bacterium is primarily transmitted through the fecal-oral route?
Which bacterium is primarily transmitted through the fecal-oral route?
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Which bacterium requires specific growth factors (X and V factors) for growth?
Which bacterium requires specific growth factors (X and V factors) for growth?
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Which bacterium is motile with peritrichous flagella?
Which bacterium is motile with peritrichous flagella?
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Which bacterium is not transmitted from person to person?
Which bacterium is not transmitted from person to person?
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Which bacterium is a normal flora of the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals?
Which bacterium is a normal flora of the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals?
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What diagnostic tests are used to detect Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
What diagnostic tests are used to detect Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
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Where does Acinetobacter baumannii reside in healthcare settings?
Where does Acinetobacter baumannii reside in healthcare settings?
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What syndromes/diseases are caused by Acinetobacter baumannii?
What syndromes/diseases are caused by Acinetobacter baumannii?
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How is Pseudomonas aeruginosa prevented?
How is Pseudomonas aeruginosa prevented?
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What is the mode of transmission of Legionella pneumophila?
What is the mode of transmission of Legionella pneumophila?
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What type of metabolism does Acinetobacter baumannii have?
What type of metabolism does Acinetobacter baumannii have?
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How is Acinetobacter baumannii detected?
How is Acinetobacter baumannii detected?
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Which culture media is required for Legionella pneumophila growth?
Which culture media is required for Legionella pneumophila growth?
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What syndrome/disease is caused by E.coli?
What syndrome/disease is caused by E.coli?
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How is Legionella pneumophila diagnosed?
How is Legionella pneumophila diagnosed?
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Which virulence factor does E.coli produce?
Which virulence factor does E.coli produce?
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What is the habitat of E.coli?
What is the habitat of E.coli?
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Which infection is prevented by infection control measures, hand hygiene, and environmental cleaning?
Which infection is prevented by infection control measures, hand hygiene, and environmental cleaning?
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What is the mode of transmission of Flavobacterium meningosepticum?
What is the mode of transmission of Flavobacterium meningosepticum?
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Where is Flavobacterium meningosepticum commonly found?
Where is Flavobacterium meningosepticum commonly found?
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Which diagnostic test is used to detect Flavobacterium meningosepticum?
Which diagnostic test is used to detect Flavobacterium meningosepticum?
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What type of bacteria is Achromabacter xylosoxidans?
What type of bacteria is Achromabacter xylosoxidans?
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How are infections caused by Flavobacterium meningosepticum treated?
How are infections caused by Flavobacterium meningosepticum treated?
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Study Notes
Haemophilus influenzae
- Small, pleomorphic rod-shaped bacterium
- Requires specific growth factors (X and V factors) for growth
- Mode of transmission: respiratory droplets from infected individuals
- Found in: upper respiratory tract of humans
Bordetella pertussis
- Small, gram-negative coccobacillus
- Aerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming
- Mode of transmission: respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing, direct contact with respiratory secretions
- Prevented by: vaccination and isolation
Legionella pneumophila
- Gram-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium
- Exhibits a distinctive branching pattern
- Mode of transmission: inhalation of contaminated water aerosols from cooling towers, showers, faucets, etc.
- Found in: aquatic environments, particularly warm water sources
- Thrives in: warm water
- Produces: exotoxins and adhesins
- Causes: Legionnaires' disease and Pontiac fever
- Detected by: urinary antigen test
- Treated with: macrolides or fluoroquinolones
- Prevented by: proper maintenance of water systems
Escherichia coli (E. coli)
- Rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, motile with peritrichous flagella
- Found in: gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals, soil, water, and other environments
- Mode of transmission: fecal-oral route (ingestion of contaminated food or water), person-to-person transmission (poor hygiene)
- Produces: Shiga toxin and fimbriae
- Causes: urinary tract infections and gastroenteritis
- Identified by: culture and PCR
Salmonella spp.
- Rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, motile with peritrichous flagella
- Found in: gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals, soil, water, and other environments
- Mode of transmission: fecal-oral route (ingestion of contaminated food or water), person-to-person transmission (poor hygiene)
- Causes: gastroenteritis
- Identified by: culture and PCR
Flavobacterium meningosepticum
- Gram-negative rod with yellow pigment
- Mode of transmission: nosocomial infections, contaminated medical devices
- Found in: water and soil, resides in healthcare environments
- Grows on: blood agar
- Oxidase-positive
- Aerobic and chemoorganotrophic
- Produces: metallo-beta-lactamases and proteases
- Causes: meningitis, sepsis, and neonatal infections
- Detected by: culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing
- Treated with: antibiotics, including fluoroquinolones and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
- Prevented by: infection control measures, proper sterilization of medical equipment, and hand hygiene
Achromobacter xylosoxidans
- Non-fermentative gram-negative rod
- Prevented by: infection control measures, proper sterilization of medical equipment, and hand hygiene
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Causes: pneumonia, UTIs, and skin infections
- Detected by: culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing
- Treated with: antibiotics, including antipseudomonal agents
- Prevented by: infection control measures and proper wound care
Acinetobacter baumannii
- Gram-negative coccobacilli
- Mode of transmission: healthcare-associated infections, contaminated surfaces and medical equipment
- Found in: ubiquitous in healthcare settings, resides on skin and environmental surfaces
- Grows on: blood and MacConkey agar, oxidase-negative
- Aerobic and non-fermentative
- Produces: outer membrane proteins and biofilm formation
- Causes: pneumonia, bloodstream infections, and wound infections
- Detected by: culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing
- Treated with: antibiotics, often multidrug-resistant
Shigella spp.
- Causes: shigellosis with bloody diarrhea
- Detected by: stool culture and PCR
- Treated with: antibiotics and rehydration therapy
- Prevented by: sanitary practices and hand hygiene
Vibrio spp.
- Curved and comma-shaped
- Mode of transmission: associated with contaminated water and seafood
- Found in: thrives in marine environments
- Grows on: alkaline media like thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose (TCBS) agar
- Facultative anaerobe and halophile
- Produces: cholera toxin and hemolysins
- Causes: cholera with profuse watery diarrhea
- Detected by: stool culture and rapid antigen tests
- Treated with: antibiotics and fluid replacement
- Prevented by: safe food handling and clean water sources
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Description
Test your knowledge on bacterial infections caused by Shigella and Vibrio. Learn about the characteristics, diagnostic tests, treatment, prevention, mode of transmission, and habitat of these bacteria.
