30 Questions
What is a characteristic feature of Vibrio bacteria?
Curved and Comma-Shaped
How is Shigellosis diagnosed?
Stool Culture
Which environment does Vibrio thrive in?
Marine Environments
How is Shigella primarily transmitted?
Contaminated Water and Seafood
What is a key virulence factor produced by Vibrio bacteria?
Cholera Toxin
How can Shigella infection be prevented?
Sanitary Practices and Hand Hygiene
Which bacterium exhibits a distinctive branching pattern?
Legionella pneumophila
Which bacterium is primarily transmitted through the fecal-oral route?
Escherichia coli
Which bacterium requires specific growth factors (X and V factors) for growth?
Haemophilus influenzae
Which bacterium is motile with peritrichous flagella?
Salmonella spp.
Which bacterium is not transmitted from person to person?
Legionella pneumophila
Which bacterium is a normal flora of the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals?
Salmonella spp.
What diagnostic tests are used to detect Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
Culture and Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing
Where does Acinetobacter baumannii reside in healthcare settings?
On skin and environmental surfaces
What syndromes/diseases are caused by Acinetobacter baumannii?
Pneumonia, Bloodstream Infections, and Wound Infections
How is Pseudomonas aeruginosa prevented?
By infection control measures and proper wound care
What is the mode of transmission of Legionella pneumophila?
Inhalation of aerosols
What type of metabolism does Acinetobacter baumannii have?
Aerobic and Non-Fermentative
How is Acinetobacter baumannii detected?
Culture and Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing
Which culture media is required for Legionella pneumophila growth?
Buffered charcoal yeast extract agar
What syndrome/disease is caused by E.coli?
Gastroenteritis
How is Legionella pneumophila diagnosed?
Urine antigen test
Which virulence factor does E.coli produce?
Shiga toxin and fimbriae
What is the habitat of E.coli?
Resides in intestinal tract
Which infection is prevented by infection control measures, hand hygiene, and environmental cleaning?
Acinetobacter baumannii
What is the mode of transmission of Flavobacterium meningosepticum?
Nosocomial Infections, Contaminated Medical Devices
Where is Flavobacterium meningosepticum commonly found?
In Water and Soil
Which diagnostic test is used to detect Flavobacterium meningosepticum?
Culture and Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing
What type of bacteria is Achromabacter xylosoxidans?
Non-Fermentative Gram-Negative Rod
How are infections caused by Flavobacterium meningosepticum treated?
Antibiotics, Including Fluoroquinolones and Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole
Study Notes
Haemophilus influenzae
- Small, pleomorphic rod-shaped bacterium
- Requires specific growth factors (X and V factors) for growth
- Mode of transmission: respiratory droplets from infected individuals
- Found in: upper respiratory tract of humans
Bordetella pertussis
- Small, gram-negative coccobacillus
- Aerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming
- Mode of transmission: respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing, direct contact with respiratory secretions
- Prevented by: vaccination and isolation
Legionella pneumophila
- Gram-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium
- Exhibits a distinctive branching pattern
- Mode of transmission: inhalation of contaminated water aerosols from cooling towers, showers, faucets, etc.
- Found in: aquatic environments, particularly warm water sources
- Thrives in: warm water
- Produces: exotoxins and adhesins
- Causes: Legionnaires' disease and Pontiac fever
- Detected by: urinary antigen test
- Treated with: macrolides or fluoroquinolones
- Prevented by: proper maintenance of water systems
Escherichia coli (E. coli)
- Rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, motile with peritrichous flagella
- Found in: gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals, soil, water, and other environments
- Mode of transmission: fecal-oral route (ingestion of contaminated food or water), person-to-person transmission (poor hygiene)
- Produces: Shiga toxin and fimbriae
- Causes: urinary tract infections and gastroenteritis
- Identified by: culture and PCR
Salmonella spp.
- Rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, motile with peritrichous flagella
- Found in: gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals, soil, water, and other environments
- Mode of transmission: fecal-oral route (ingestion of contaminated food or water), person-to-person transmission (poor hygiene)
- Causes: gastroenteritis
- Identified by: culture and PCR
Flavobacterium meningosepticum
- Gram-negative rod with yellow pigment
- Mode of transmission: nosocomial infections, contaminated medical devices
- Found in: water and soil, resides in healthcare environments
- Grows on: blood agar
- Oxidase-positive
- Aerobic and chemoorganotrophic
- Produces: metallo-beta-lactamases and proteases
- Causes: meningitis, sepsis, and neonatal infections
- Detected by: culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing
- Treated with: antibiotics, including fluoroquinolones and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
- Prevented by: infection control measures, proper sterilization of medical equipment, and hand hygiene
Achromobacter xylosoxidans
- Non-fermentative gram-negative rod
- Prevented by: infection control measures, proper sterilization of medical equipment, and hand hygiene
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Causes: pneumonia, UTIs, and skin infections
- Detected by: culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing
- Treated with: antibiotics, including antipseudomonal agents
- Prevented by: infection control measures and proper wound care
Acinetobacter baumannii
- Gram-negative coccobacilli
- Mode of transmission: healthcare-associated infections, contaminated surfaces and medical equipment
- Found in: ubiquitous in healthcare settings, resides on skin and environmental surfaces
- Grows on: blood and MacConkey agar, oxidase-negative
- Aerobic and non-fermentative
- Produces: outer membrane proteins and biofilm formation
- Causes: pneumonia, bloodstream infections, and wound infections
- Detected by: culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing
- Treated with: antibiotics, often multidrug-resistant
Shigella spp.
- Causes: shigellosis with bloody diarrhea
- Detected by: stool culture and PCR
- Treated with: antibiotics and rehydration therapy
- Prevented by: sanitary practices and hand hygiene
Vibrio spp.
- Curved and comma-shaped
- Mode of transmission: associated with contaminated water and seafood
- Found in: thrives in marine environments
- Grows on: alkaline media like thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose (TCBS) agar
- Facultative anaerobe and halophile
- Produces: cholera toxin and hemolysins
- Causes: cholera with profuse watery diarrhea
- Detected by: stool culture and rapid antigen tests
- Treated with: antibiotics and fluid replacement
- Prevented by: safe food handling and clean water sources
Test your knowledge on bacterial infections caused by Shigella and Vibrio. Learn about the characteristics, diagnostic tests, treatment, prevention, mode of transmission, and habitat of these bacteria.
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