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Questions and Answers
Which bacterial infection lacks a cell wall and is therefore not effectively treated by antibiotics targeting cell walls?
Which bacterial infection lacks a cell wall and is therefore not effectively treated by antibiotics targeting cell walls?
- Pneumonia (correct)
- Pertussis
- Tuberculosis
- Bronchitis
What is the recommended preventative measure for Pertussis?
What is the recommended preventative measure for Pertussis?
- Antibiotic treatment
- Vaccination (correct)
- Antiviral medication
- Corticosteroid therapy
During which stage of Pertussis does the characteristic 'whoop' sound occur?
During which stage of Pertussis does the characteristic 'whoop' sound occur?
- Incubation period
- Paroxysmal stage (correct)
- Convalescent stage
- Catarrhal stage
What is the term for the number of microbes necessary to establish an infection?
What is the term for the number of microbes necessary to establish an infection?
What is the term for the time between infection and onset of the disease?
What is the term for the time between infection and onset of the disease?
Which term refers to the degree of pathogenicity of a microorganism?
Which term refers to the degree of pathogenicity of a microorganism?
What is the term for the subjective effects experienced by a patient, such as pain and nausea?
What is the term for the subjective effects experienced by a patient, such as pain and nausea?
Which term is used for the objective evidence of a disease, such as rash and swelling?
Which term is used for the objective evidence of a disease, such as rash and swelling?
What is the term for the number of cells that infect 50% of the population?
What is the term for the number of cells that infect 50% of the population?
Which term refers to the microbe establishing itself and multiplying?
Which term refers to the microbe establishing itself and multiplying?
What is the term for the time of recuperation and recovery from a disease?
What is the term for the time of recuperation and recovery from a disease?
Which term refers to diseases easily spread from one host to another?
Which term refers to diseases easily spread from one host to another?
What is the term for a microbe or virus that causes disease in an otherwise healthy individual?
What is the term for a microbe or virus that causes disease in an otherwise healthy individual?
What is the term for a microbe that causes disease only when the body's immune defenses are compromised?
What is the term for a microbe that causes disease only when the body's immune defenses are compromised?
What is the term for the process where initial infection predisposes an individual to developing a secondary infection?
What is the term for the process where initial infection predisposes an individual to developing a secondary infection?
Which type of infection occurs when the microbe is limited to a small area?
Which type of infection occurs when the microbe is limited to a small area?
What does -emia refer to?
What does -emia refer to?
How can disease transmission occur through various portals of entry?
How can disease transmission occur through various portals of entry?
What is vertical transmission in disease transmission?
What is vertical transmission in disease transmission?
How does direct transmission of infectious agents occur?
How does direct transmission of infectious agents occur?
In what context are there concerns about indirect transmission?
In what context are there concerns about indirect transmission?
How can vehicle-borne transmission occur?
How can vehicle-borne transmission occur?
What is vector-borne transmission?
What is vector-borne transmission?
How do pathogens breach anatomical barriers?
How do pathogens breach anatomical barriers?
What is important in establishing infection?
What is important in establishing infection?
Which bacterial infection is characterized by symptoms such as cough, chest pain, and rust-colored sputum?
Which bacterial infection is characterized by symptoms such as cough, chest pain, and rust-colored sputum?
Which bacterial infection is often referred to as 'walking pneumonia'?
Which bacterial infection is often referred to as 'walking pneumonia'?
Which bacterial infection is caused by a Gram-negative rod with a large capsule and is often transmitted through contact or medical equipment?
Which bacterial infection is caused by a Gram-negative rod with a large capsule and is often transmitted through contact or medical equipment?
Which bacterial infection lacks a cell wall and can attach to respiratory epithelium, causing interference with ciliary action?
Which bacterial infection lacks a cell wall and can attach to respiratory epithelium, causing interference with ciliary action?
Which bacterial infection has a conjugate vaccine available for prevention?
Which bacterial infection has a conjugate vaccine available for prevention?
Which bacterial infection is a common cause of healthcare-associated infections?
Which bacterial infection is a common cause of healthcare-associated infections?
Which bacterial infection is spread by aerosolized droplets and tends to be more common in summer and early fall?
Which bacterial infection is spread by aerosolized droplets and tends to be more common in summer and early fall?
Which bacterial infection is caused by a bacterium with an approximately 10% mortality rate even with treatment?
Which bacterial infection is caused by a bacterium with an approximately 10% mortality rate even with treatment?
Which bacterial infection is usually treated with antimicrobials?
Which bacterial infection is usually treated with antimicrobials?
Which bacterial infection is becoming more antibiotic-resistant?
Which bacterial infection is becoming more antibiotic-resistant?
Which bacterial infection is prevented by immunization with toxoid included in childhood DTaP vaccination?
Which bacterial infection is prevented by immunization with toxoid included in childhood DTaP vaccination?
Which bacterial infection lacks a vaccine for prevention?
Which bacterial infection lacks a vaccine for prevention?
Which mechanism allows Listeria monocytogenes to survive within phagocytes?
Which mechanism allows Listeria monocytogenes to survive within phagocytes?
What is the main function of siderophores produced by microbes?
What is the main function of siderophores produced by microbes?
Which organism can withstand the destructive environment of the phagolysosome?
Which organism can withstand the destructive environment of the phagolysosome?
What is the main causative agent of pink eye?
What is the main causative agent of pink eye?
What is the main function of decongestants and antihistamines in the treatment of upper respiratory bacterial infections?
What is the main function of decongestants and antihistamines in the treatment of upper respiratory bacterial infections?
Which organism is known to cause otitis media?
Which organism is known to cause otitis media?
What is the main causative agent of streptococcal pharyngitis (strep throat)?
What is the main causative agent of streptococcal pharyngitis (strep throat)?
Which organism hijacks the mechanism that the host uses to prevent their surfaces from activating the complement system?
Which organism hijacks the mechanism that the host uses to prevent their surfaces from activating the complement system?
What is the main function of antibodies that bind to M protein in Streptococcus pyogenes?
What is the main function of antibodies that bind to M protein in Streptococcus pyogenes?
What is the primary function of fibronectin-binding proteins in Streptococcus pyogenes?
What is the primary function of fibronectin-binding proteins in Streptococcus pyogenes?
What is the main function of DNase, hyaluronidase, and proteases in Streptococcus pyogenes?
What is the main function of DNase, hyaluronidase, and proteases in Streptococcus pyogenes?
What is the main function of streptokinase in Streptococcus pyogenes?
What is the main function of streptokinase in Streptococcus pyogenes?
What is the main causative agent of scarlet fever?
What is the main causative agent of scarlet fever?
Which bacterial infection is characterized by the formation of a pseudomembrane on the tonsils and throat?
Which bacterial infection is characterized by the formation of a pseudomembrane on the tonsils and throat?
What is the primary method of spread for naturally occurring Streptococcus pyogenes infections?
What is the primary method of spread for naturally occurring Streptococcus pyogenes infections?
What is the main causative agent of acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis?
What is the main causative agent of acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis?
Which bacterial infection is caused by a bacterium that releases a powerful exotoxin carried by a specific lysogenic bacteriophage?
Which bacterial infection is caused by a bacterium that releases a powerful exotoxin carried by a specific lysogenic bacteriophage?
What is the main method of transmission for diphtheria?
What is the main method of transmission for diphtheria?
What is the main function of the diphtheria exotoxin released by Corynebacterium diphtheriae?
What is the main function of the diphtheria exotoxin released by Corynebacterium diphtheriae?
What is the main causative agent of streptococcal pharyngitis?
What is the main causative agent of streptococcal pharyngitis?
What is the main causative agent of acute rheumatic fever?
What is the main causative agent of acute rheumatic fever?
What is the main method of spread for naturally occurring Corynebacterium diphtheriae infections?
What is the main method of spread for naturally occurring Corynebacterium diphtheriae infections?
Which bacterial infection is prevented by immunization with toxoid included in childhood DTaP vaccination?
Which bacterial infection is prevented by immunization with toxoid included in childhood DTaP vaccination?
Which wild rodents are the main reservoirs for plague?
Which wild rodents are the main reservoirs for plague?
What is the case-fatality rate of untreated pneumonic plague?
What is the case-fatality rate of untreated pneumonic plague?
What is the recommended preventive medication for individuals exposed to plague?
What is the recommended preventive medication for individuals exposed to plague?
What is the primary method for preventing the spread of plague through rodent control?
What is the primary method for preventing the spread of plague through rodent control?
What is the most common type of plague?
What is the most common type of plague?
How does septicemic plague mainly spread in the body?
How does septicemic plague mainly spread in the body?
What causes the characteristic 'black death' appearance in plague patients?
What causes the characteristic 'black death' appearance in plague patients?
What is the main causative agent of plague?
What is the main causative agent of plague?
What is the primary method of transmission for pneumonic plague?
What is the primary method of transmission for pneumonic plague?
What is the characteristic symptom of pneumonic plague?
What is the characteristic symptom of pneumonic plague?
What is the main pathogenesis of bubonic plague?
What is the main pathogenesis of bubonic plague?
What is the primary method of spread for naturally occurring plague infections?
What is the primary method of spread for naturally occurring plague infections?
Which type of plague is characterized by high fever and significantly enlarged and tender lymph nodes called buboes?
Which type of plague is characterized by high fever and significantly enlarged and tender lymph nodes called buboes?
What causes the dark hemorrhages and dusky color of skin and mucous membranes in the case of plague?
What causes the dark hemorrhages and dusky color of skin and mucous membranes in the case of plague?
What is the main method of spread for pneumonic plague?
What is the main method of spread for pneumonic plague?
What is the main causative agent of plague?
What is the main causative agent of plague?
Which factor allows Yersinia pestis to avoid host defenses by being taken up by macrophages and resisting killing effects?
Which factor allows Yersinia pestis to avoid host defenses by being taken up by macrophages and resisting killing effects?
What is the primary reservoir for plague?
What is the primary reservoir for plague?
What is the term for the disease transmission that occurs from rodent populations to humans?
What is the term for the disease transmission that occurs from rodent populations to humans?
What is the characteristic symptom of pneumonic plague?
What is the characteristic symptom of pneumonic plague?
Study Notes
Bacterial Infections of Lower Respiratory System
- Diphtheria is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, with an approximately 10% mortality rate even with treatment
- Immunization with toxoid, included in childhood DTaP vaccination, is highly effective in preventing diphtheria
- Pneumococcal pneumonia, caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, accounts for about 1/3 of adult community-acquired pneumonia cases in the US
- Pneumococcal pneumonia is characterized by symptoms such as cough, chest pain, and rust-colored sputum, and is usually treated with antimicrobials
- Klebsiella pneumonia, caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae, is a common cause of healthcare-associated infections and is distinguished by bloody jelly-like sputum
- Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative rod with a large capsule and is often transmitted through contact or medical equipment
- Mycoplasma pneumonia is the leading cause of pneumonia in children and young adults, often referred to as "walking pneumonia"
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae lacks a cell wall and can attach to respiratory epithelium, causing interference with ciliary action
- Mycoplasma pneumonia is spread by aerosolized droplets and tends to be more common in summer and early fall
- Antibiotic treatment is used for Klebsiella pneumonia, but more strains are becoming antibiotic-resistant
- There is a conjugate vaccine available for pneumococcal pneumonia, and no vaccine for Klebsiella or Mycoplasma pneumonia
- Infection control measures and wise use of antimicrobials are crucial for preventing the spread of these bacterial respiratory infections
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Test your knowledge of bacterial infections of the lower respiratory system with this quiz. Learn about the causes, symptoms, and treatment of diphtheria, pneumococcal pneumonia, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Mycoplasma pneumonia while exploring vaccination and infection control measures.
