Bacterial Infections of the Lower Respiratory System Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which bacterial infection lacks a cell wall and is therefore not effectively treated by antibiotics targeting cell walls?

Pneumonia (correct)

Pertussis

Tuberculosis

Bronchitis

What is the recommended preventative measure for Pertussis?

Antibiotic treatment

Vaccination (correct)

Antiviral medication

Corticosteroid therapy

During which stage of Pertussis does the characteristic 'whoop' sound occur?

Incubation period

Paroxysmal stage (correct)

Convalescent stage

Catarrhal stage

What is the term for the number of microbes necessary to establish an infection?

Infectious dose Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the time between infection and onset of the disease?

Incubation period Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the degree of pathogenicity of a microorganism?

Virulence Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the subjective effects experienced by a patient, such as pain and nausea?

Symptoms Signup and view all the answers

Which term is used for the objective evidence of a disease, such as rash and swelling?

Signs Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the number of cells that infect 50% of the population?

ID50 Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the microbe establishing itself and multiplying?

Colonization Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the time of recuperation and recovery from a disease?

Convalescence Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to diseases easily spread from one host to another?

Communicable Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a microbe or virus that causes disease in an otherwise healthy individual?

Primary pathogen Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a microbe that causes disease only when the body's immune defenses are compromised?

Opportunistic pathogen Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process where initial infection predisposes an individual to developing a secondary infection?

Damage Signup and view all the answers

Which type of infection occurs when the microbe is limited to a small area?

Localized infection Signup and view all the answers

What does -emia refer to?

Presence of pathogens in the bloodstream Signup and view all the answers

How can disease transmission occur through various portals of entry?

Respiratory, intestinal, or fecal-oral routes Signup and view all the answers

What is vertical transmission in disease transmission?

Transmission from pregnant woman to fetus Signup and view all the answers

How does direct transmission of infectious agents occur?

Through touch or droplet inhalation Signup and view all the answers

In what context are there concerns about indirect transmission?

In the context of COVID-19 transmission Signup and view all the answers

How can vehicle-borne transmission occur?

Through contaminated objects, food, or water Signup and view all the answers

What is vector-borne transmission?

Transmission through living organisms like mosquitoes Signup and view all the answers

How do pathogens breach anatomical barriers?

By penetrating the skin or mucous membranes Signup and view all the answers

What is important in establishing infection?

Adherence and directed uptake by cells Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterial infection is characterized by symptoms such as cough, chest pain, and rust-colored sputum?

Pneumococcal pneumonia Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterial infection is often referred to as 'walking pneumonia'?

Mycoplasma pneumonia Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterial infection is caused by a Gram-negative rod with a large capsule and is often transmitted through contact or medical equipment?

Klebsiella pneumonia Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterial infection lacks a cell wall and can attach to respiratory epithelium, causing interference with ciliary action?

Mycoplasma pneumonia Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterial infection has a conjugate vaccine available for prevention?

Pneumococcal pneumonia Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterial infection is a common cause of healthcare-associated infections?

Klebsiella pneumonia Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterial infection is spread by aerosolized droplets and tends to be more common in summer and early fall?

Mycoplasma pneumonia Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterial infection is caused by a bacterium with an approximately 10% mortality rate even with treatment?

Diphtheria Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterial infection is usually treated with antimicrobials?

Pneumococcal pneumonia Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterial infection is becoming more antibiotic-resistant?

Klebsiella pneumonia Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterial infection is prevented by immunization with toxoid included in childhood DTaP vaccination?

Diphtheria Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterial infection lacks a vaccine for prevention?

Klebsiella pneumonia Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism allows Listeria monocytogenes to survive within phagocytes?

Producing molecule that forms pores in membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of siderophores produced by microbes?

Bind iron Signup and view all the answers

Which organism can withstand the destructive environment of the phagolysosome?

Coxiella burnetii Signup and view all the answers

What is the main causative agent of pink eye?

Haemophilus influenzae Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of decongestants and antihistamines in the treatment of upper respiratory bacterial infections?

Generally ineffective; can actually reduce immune response Signup and view all the answers

Which organism is known to cause otitis media?

Streptococcus pneumoniae Signup and view all the answers

What is the main causative agent of streptococcal pharyngitis (strep throat)?

Streptococcus pyogenes Signup and view all the answers

Which organism hijacks the mechanism that the host uses to prevent their surfaces from activating the complement system?

Neisseria gonorrhoeae Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of antibodies that bind to M protein in Streptococcus pyogenes?

Prevent infection Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of fibronectin-binding proteins in Streptococcus pyogenes?

Adhere to fibrin of epithelial cells in the throat Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of DNase, hyaluronidase, and proteases in Streptococcus pyogenes?

Degrade intracellular connections Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of streptokinase in Streptococcus pyogenes?

Break blood clots Signup and view all the answers

What is the main causative agent of scarlet fever?

Streptococcus pyogenes Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterial infection is characterized by the formation of a pseudomembrane on the tonsils and throat?

Diphtheria Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of spread for naturally occurring Streptococcus pyogenes infections?

Respiratory droplets Signup and view all the answers

What is the main causative agent of acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis?

Streptococcus pyogenes Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterial infection is caused by a bacterium that releases a powerful exotoxin carried by a specific lysogenic bacteriophage?

Diphtheria Signup and view all the answers

What is the main method of transmission for diphtheria?

Airborne spread Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the diphtheria exotoxin released by Corynebacterium diphtheriae?

Inactivates elongation factor 2 (EF2) required for movement of ribosome on mRNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the main causative agent of streptococcal pharyngitis?

Streptococcus pyogenes Signup and view all the answers

What is the main causative agent of acute rheumatic fever?

Streptococcus pyogenes Signup and view all the answers

What is the main method of spread for naturally occurring Corynebacterium diphtheriae infections?

Respiratory droplets Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterial infection is prevented by immunization with toxoid included in childhood DTaP vaccination?

Diphtheria Signup and view all the answers

Which wild rodents are the main reservoirs for plague?

Prairie dogs Signup and view all the answers

What is the case-fatality rate of untreated pneumonic plague?

100% Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended preventive medication for individuals exposed to plague?

Doxycycline Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method for preventing the spread of plague through rodent control?

Insecticide use Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common type of plague?

Bubonic plague Signup and view all the answers

How does septicemic plague mainly spread in the body?

Via the bloodstream Signup and view all the answers

What causes the characteristic 'black death' appearance in plague patients?

Endotoxin released by the bacteria Signup and view all the answers

What is the main causative agent of plague?

Yersinia pestis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of transmission for pneumonic plague?

Respiratory droplets from an infected individual or animal Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic symptom of pneumonic plague?

Shortness of breath Signup and view all the answers

What is the main pathogenesis of bubonic plague?

Infected macrophages die, releasing bacteria ready to withstand host defenses Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of spread for naturally occurring plague infections?

Zoonotic disease endemic in rodent populations Signup and view all the answers

Which type of plague is characterized by high fever and significantly enlarged and tender lymph nodes called buboes?

Bubonic plague Signup and view all the answers

What causes the dark hemorrhages and dusky color of skin and mucous membranes in the case of plague?

Endotoxin released by the bacteria Signup and view all the answers

What is the main method of spread for pneumonic plague?

Inhalation of respiratory droplets from an infected individual Signup and view all the answers

What is the main causative agent of plague?

Yersinia pestis Signup and view all the answers

Which factor allows Yersinia pestis to avoid host defenses by being taken up by macrophages and resisting killing effects?

Yersinia outer proteins (YOPs) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reservoir for plague?

Rodents Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the disease transmission that occurs from rodent populations to humans?

Zoonotic transmission Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic symptom of pneumonic plague?

Bloody sputum Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Bacterial Infections of Lower Respiratory System

Diphtheria is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, with an approximately 10% mortality rate even with treatment
Immunization with toxoid, included in childhood DTaP vaccination, is highly effective in preventing diphtheria
Pneumococcal pneumonia, caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, accounts for about 1/3 of adult community-acquired pneumonia cases in the US
Pneumococcal pneumonia is characterized by symptoms such as cough, chest pain, and rust-colored sputum, and is usually treated with antimicrobials
Klebsiella pneumonia, caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae, is a common cause of healthcare-associated infections and is distinguished by bloody jelly-like sputum
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative rod with a large capsule and is often transmitted through contact or medical equipment
Mycoplasma pneumonia is the leading cause of pneumonia in children and young adults, often referred to as "walking pneumonia"
Mycoplasma pneumoniae lacks a cell wall and can attach to respiratory epithelium, causing interference with ciliary action
Mycoplasma pneumonia is spread by aerosolized droplets and tends to be more common in summer and early fall
Antibiotic treatment is used for Klebsiella pneumonia, but more strains are becoming antibiotic-resistant
There is a conjugate vaccine available for pneumococcal pneumonia, and no vaccine for Klebsiella or Mycoplasma pneumonia
Infection control measures and wise use of antimicrobials are crucial for preventing the spread of these bacterial respiratory infections

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Description

Test your knowledge of bacterial infections of the lower respiratory system with this quiz. Learn about the causes, symptoms, and treatment of diphtheria, pneumococcal pneumonia, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Mycoplasma pneumonia while exploring vaccination and infection control measures.