Bacterial Infections and Treatments
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Questions and Answers

Which organism is primarily known as an animal pathogen that can also be transmitted to humans?

  • Pasteurella multocida (correct)
  • Yersinia species
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae
  • Haemophilus Influenzae type B

    • What is the drug of choice for treating plague?

  • Streptomycin (correct)
  • Vancomycin
  • Ciprofloxacin
  • Augmentin

    • Which of the following characteristics is NOT associated with Y. Enterocolitis and pseudotuberculosis?

  • Grows at 4 degrees Celsius
  • Lactose fermenting (correct)
  • Oxidase negative
  • Urease positive

    • Which symptom is typically associated with the bubonic plague?

    <p>Pain in swollen lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key virulence factor of Haemophilus Influenzae type B?

    <p>Polyribose phosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common clinical manifestation of Pasteurella multocida infections?

    <p>Cellulitis from animal bites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is true for Yersinia species?

    <p>It is linked with infection in wild rodents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mortality rate for untreated pneumonic plague?

    <p>Approximately 100%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of medium is required for the growth of Haemophilus species?

    <p>Enriched chocolate agar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is classified as a non-invasive infection caused by Haemophilus influenzae type B?

    <p>Otitis media</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable characteristic of Yersinia species that distinguishes them from other pathogens?

    <p>Infection of wild rodents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is recommended for skin infections caused by Pasteurella multocida?

    <p>Augmentin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which non-invasive infection is associated with Haemophilus influenzae type B?

    <p>Otitis media</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom experienced by patients suffering from bubonic plague?

    <p>Swollen lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about Haemophilus species is true?

    <p>They require enriched chocolate agar for growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant complication of untreated bubonic plague?

    <p>Septic shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unique growth characteristic is associated with Y. Enterocolitis and pseudotuberculosis?

    <p>Grows at 4 degrees Celsius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes a primary feature of Haemophilus influenzae type B?

    <p>Contains a polyribose phosphate capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is true regarding the mortality rates of plague infections?

    <p>Mortality for untreated regular plague is around ~50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which condition is Pasteurella multocida most likely to be suspect in a skin infection?

    <p>Exposure to cats and dogs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common consequence of untreated bubonic plague?

    <p>Septic shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following species is associated with an infection primarily transmitted from wild rodents?

    <p>Yersinia species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following characteristics is true for Pasteurella multocida?

    <p>Can lead to cellulitis via animal bites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major virulence factor is associated with Haemophilus influenzae type B?

    <p>Capsule polysaccharide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of agar is required for the growth of Haemophilus species?

    <p>Enriched chocolate agar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major characteristic of Pasteurella multocida in terms of its pathogenicity?

    <p>It can cause cellulitis via animal bites.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining feature of Y. Enterocolitis and pseudotuberculosis that helps differentiate it from lactose fermenting bacteria?

    <p>It grows at 4 degrees Celsius.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following diseases is commonly caused by Haemophilus influenzae type B?

    <p>Pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following treatments is considered effective for bubonic plague?

    <p>Streptomycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What virulence factor is crucial for the pathogenicity of Haemophilus influenzae type B?

    <p>Polyribose phosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is shared by Yersinia species and Pasteurella multocida?

    <p>Both can cause outbreaks associated with rodents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following infections is NOT considered an invasive infection caused by Haemophilus influenzae type B?

    <p>Otitis media</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor significantly contributes to the pathogenicity of Haemophilus influenzae type B?

    <p>Antiphagocytic capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of Y. Enterocolitis and pseudotuberculosis infections in humans?

    <p>Diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of virulence, what differentiates the strains of plague from regular infections caused by Yersinia species?

    <p>Higher mortality rate in untreated cases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of infections are primarily caused by Haemophilus influenzae type B?

    <p>Septic arthritis and osteomyelitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is associated with Y. Enterocolitis and pseudotuberculosis?

    <p>Grows at 4 degrees Celsius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common consequence of untreated infections caused by the plague?

    <p>Septic shock and possible death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bacteria is Haemophilus classified as?

    <p>Small pleomorphic bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major virulence factor in Haemophilus influenzae type B?

    <p>Capsule polysaccharide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common vector for the transmission of Yersinia species to humans?

    <p>Wild rodents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately represents the properties of Haemophilus influenzae type B?

    <p>It is a pleomorphic bacterium that can cause invasive diseases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic of Y. Enterocolitis and pseudotuberculosis is crucial for their identification?

    <p>Urease positive reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mortality rate for untreated patients suffering from the pneumonic form of the plague?

    <p>~100%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor primarily contributes to the virulence of Pasteurella multocida in infections?

    <p>Antiphagocytic capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of infections are typically caused by Yersinia species?

    <p>Diarrheal disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant complication of untreated plague that can occur?

    <p>Septic shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is associated with Haemophilus species?

    <p>Requires enriched chocolate agar for growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the mortality rate of pneumonic plague best described?

    <p>Close to 100%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a major virulence factor of Haemophilus influenzae type B?

    <p>Polyribose phosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason Pasteurella multocida should be suspected in skin infections?

    <p>It is primarily an animal pathogen related to specific animal bites.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following bacteria can be considered a biological weapon due to its transmission from wild rodents?

    <p>Yersinia species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae type B is classified as invasive?

    <p>Pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature distinguishes Y. Enterocolitis and pseudotuberculosis in terms of metabolic characteristics?

    <p>They are urease positive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected outcome for untreated patients infected with pneumonic plague?

    <p>Unmanaged symptoms lead to ~100% mortality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Pasturella multocida

    • Primarily an animal pathogen that can be zoonotic, causing cellulitis via animal bites.
    • Gram-negative coccobacilli.
    • Suspect in skin infections related to cats and dogs.
    • Treated with Augmentin.

    Plague

    • Incubation period: 2-7 days.
    • Symptoms include high fever and pain in swollen lymph nodes.
    • Bubonic plague is one form of the disease.
    • Untreated patients can experience septic shock and death.
    • Mortality rates:
      • Regular plague: ~50%
      • Pneumonic plague: ~100%
    • Streptomycin is the drug of choice for treatment.

    Yersinia species

    • Infection of wild rodents that can be transmitted to humans and other mammals.
    • Historically known as the "black death."
    • Can be used as a biological weapon.

    Y.Enterocolitis and pseudotuberculosis

    • Cause diarrheal disease in humans.
    • Non-lactose fermenting.
    • Urease positive.
    • Oxidase negative.
    • Grows at 4 degrees Celsius.
    • Can be identified using Yersinia selective agar.

    Haemophilus influenzae type B

    • Possesses an antiphagocytic capsule.
    • Antigen B is a major virulence factor in humans.
    • Polyribose phosphate of H influenzae is its major virulence factor.
    • Non-invasive infections:
      • Otitis media
      • Sinusitis
      • Pharyngitis
    • Invasive infections:
      • Pneumonia
      • Septic arthritis
      • Osteomyelitis

    Haemophilus

    • Small pleomorphic bacteria.
    • Requires enriched chocolate agar (no chocolate).
    • Contains X (Heme) and V (Nicotinamide-adeninedicucleotide) factors.
    • Found in normal respiratory flora.
    • Can cause a wide array of diseases.

    Pasturella multocida

    • Primarily affects animals but can be transmitted to humans (zoonotic).
    • Causes cellulitis through animal bites.
    • Gram-negative coccobacilli.
    • Suspect in skin infections related to cats and dogs.
    • Treatment: Augmentin.

    Plague

    • Incubation period: 2-7 days.
    • Symptoms: High fever, pain in swollen lymph nodes.
    • Bubonic plague is a form of plague.
    • Untreated patients can experience septic shock and death.
    • Mortality rates:
      • Regular plague: ~50%
      • Pneumonic plague: ~100%
    • Drug of choice: Streptomycin.

    Yersinia Species

    • Infects wild rodents and can spread to humans and other mammals.
    • Historically known as the "black death."
    • Potential for use as a biological weapon.

    Y. Enterocolitis and Pseudotuberculosis

    • Cause diarrheal disease in humans.
    • Non-lactose fermenting.
    • Urease positive.
    • Oxidase negative.
    • Grows at 4 degrees Celsius.
    • Yersinia selective agar is used for its cultivation.

    Haemophilus Influenzae Type B

    • Has an antiphagocytic capsule.
    • Antigen B is a major virulence factor in humans.
    • Polyribose phosphate is its major virulence factor.
    • Non-invasive infections:
      • Otitis media
      • Sinusitis
      • Pharyngitis
    • Invasive infections:
      • Pneumonia
      • Septic arthritis
      • Osteomyelitis.

    Haemophilus

    • Small pleomorphic bacteria.
    • Requires enriched chocolate agar for growth.
    • Needs X (Heme) and V (Nicotinamide-adeninedicucleotide) factors.
    • Part of the normal respiratory flora.
    • Can cause a variety of diseases.

    Pasturella multocida

    • Primarily affects animals but can be transmitted to humans
    • Can cause infections in humans through animal bites
    • Gram-negative coccobacilli
    • Suspect in skin infections from cat and dog bites
    • Treatment: Augmentin

    Plague

    • Incubation period: 2 to 7 days
    • Symptoms: High fever, pain in swollen lymph nodes
    • Bubonic plague is a form of the disease
    • Untreated patients can experience septic shock and death
    • Mortality rates:
      • Regular plague: ~50%
      • Pneumonic plague: ~100%
    • Drug of choice: Streptomycin

    Yersinia species

    • Infection of wild rodents that can be transmitted to humans and other mammals
    • Commonly known as the 'black death'
    • Can be used as a biological weapon

    Y.Enterocolitis and pseudotuberculosis

    • Cause diarrheal disease in humans
    • Non-lactose fermenting
    • Urease positive
    • Oxidase negative
    • Grows at 4 degrees Celsius
    • Yersinia selective agar is used for identification

    Haemophilus Influenzae type B

    • Antiphagocytic capsule contributes to virulence
    • Antigen B is a major virulence factor in humans
    • Polyribose phosphate of H influenzae is a key virulence factor
    • Non-invasive infections:
      • Otitis media
      • Sinusitis
      • Pharyngitis
    • Invasive infections:
      • Pneumonia
      • Septic arthritis
      • Osteomyelitis

    Haemophilus

    • Small pleomorphic bacteria
    • Requires enriched chocolate agar (no chocolate)
    • Contains X (Heme) and V (Nicotinamide-adeninedicucleotide) factors
    • Found in normal respiratory flora
    • Can cause a wide range of diseases

    Pasturella multocida

    • Primarily infects animals but can be transmitted to humans (zoonotic).
    • Causes cellulitis (skin infection) through animal bites, especially from cats and dogs.
    • Gram-negative coccobacilli.
    • Treatment typically involves Augmentin, an antibiotic combination.

    Plague

    • Incubation period of 2-7 days.
    • Symptoms include high fever and pain in swollen lymph nodes.
    • Known as the bubonic plague.
    • Untreated, it can lead to septic shock and death.
    • Mortality rates can vary:
      • Regular plague: ~50%
      • Pneumonic plague: ~100%
    • Streptomycin is the primary drug for treatment.

    Yersinia species

    • Primarily infects wild rodents but can spread to humans and other mammals.
    • Known as the "black death."
    • Can be used as a biological weapon.

    Y. Enterocolitis and Y. Pseudotuberculosis

    • Cause diarrheal disease in humans.
    • Distinguished by:
      • Non-lactose fermentation.
      • Urease positivity.
      • Oxidase negativity.
      • Ability to grow at cold temperatures (4°C).
    • Can be cultured using Yersinia selective agar.

    Haemophilus Influenzae Type B

    • Possesses an antiphagocytic capsule that protects it from being engulfed by immune cells.
    • Antigen B is a significant virulence factor in humans.
    • Major virulence factor is its polyribose phosphate component.
    • Causes various infections:
      • Non-invasive: Otitis media, sinusitis, pharyngitis.
      • Invasive: Pneumonia, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis.

    Haemophilus

    • Small and pleomorphic (variable in shape) bacteria.
    • Requires enriched chocolate agar, which contains factors X (heme) and V (NAD) for growth.
    • Found in the normal respiratory flora.
    • Can cause a diverse range of diseases.

    Pasturella multocida

    • Primarily affects animals but can spread to humans (zoonotic)
    • Causes cellulitis through animal bites
    • Gram-negative coccobacilli
    • Suspected in skin infections from cats and dogs
    • Treatment: Augmentin

    Plague

    • Incubation period: 2-7 days
    • Symptoms: High fever, pain in swollen lymph nodes
    • Bubonic plague is the most common form
    • Untreated patients develop septic shock and death
    • Mortality rates:
      • Regular plague: ~50%
      • Pneumonic plague: ~100%
    • Drug of choice: Streptomycin

    Yersinia Species

    • Primarily infects wild rodents but can transmit to humans and other mammals
    • Also called the "black death"
    • Potential biological weapon

    Y.Enterocolitis and pseudotuberculosis

    • Cause diarrheal disease in humans
    • Non-lactose fermenting
    • Urease positive
    • Oxidase negative
    • Grows at 4 degrees Celsius
    • Grows on Yersinia selective agar

    Haemophilus Influenzae type B

    • Has an antiphagocytic capsule
    • Antigen B is a major virulence factor in humans
    • Polyribose phosphate of H influenzae is its major virulence factor
    • Non-invasive infections:
      • Otitis media
      • Sinusitis
      • Pharyngitis
    • Invasive infections:
      • Pneumonia
      • Septic arthritis
      • Osteomyelitis

    Haemophilus

    • Small, pleomorphic bacteria
    • Requires enriched chocolate agar
    • Contains X (Heme) and V (Nicotinamide-adeninedicucleotide) factors
    • Found in normal respiratory flora
    • Can cause a wide range of diseases

    Pasturella multocida

    • Primarily an animal pathogen that can infect humans (zoonotic).
    • Can cause cellulitis via animal bites.
    • Gram-negative coccobacilli.
    • Suspect in skin infections related to cats and dogs.
    • Treatment: Augmentin.

    Plague

    • Incubation period: 2-7 days.
    • Symptoms: High fever, pain in swollen lymph nodes.
    • Bubonic plague is a form of the disease.
    • Untreated patients can experience septic shock and death.
    • Mortality rates:
      • Regular plague: ~50%
      • Pneumonic plague: ~100%
    • Drug of choice: Streptomycin.

    Yersinia species

    • Infection of wild rodents that can be transmitted to humans and other mammals.
    • Historically known as the "black death".
    • Can be used as a biological weapon.

    Y. Enterocolitis and pseudotuberculosis

    • Cause diarrheal disease in humans.
    • Non-lactose fermenting.
    • Urease positive.
    • Oxidase negative.
    • Grows at 4 degrees Celsius.
    • Cultivated on Yersinia selective agar.

    Haemophilus Influenzae type B

    • Antiphagocytic capsule.
    • Antigen B is a major virulence factor in humans.
    • Polyribose phosphate of H influenzae is its major virulence factor.
    • Non-invasive infections:
      • Otitis media
      • Sinusitis
      • Pharyngitis
    • Invasive infections:
      • Pneumonia
      • Septic arthritis
      • Osteomyelitis

    Haemophilus

    • Small pleomorphic bacteria.
    • Requires enriched chocolate agar (no chocolate).
    • Requires X (Heme) and V (Nicotinamide-adeninedicucleotide) factors for growth.
    • Found in normal respiratory flora.
    • Can cause a wide array of diseases.

    Pasturella multocida

    • Primarily affects animals but can spread to humans (zoonotic)
    • Causes skin infections through bites from animals, particularly cats and dogs
    • Characterized as gram-negative coccobacilli
    • Treat with Augmentin

    Plague

    • Incubation period is typically 2-7 days
    • Characterized by a high fever and painful, swollen lymph nodes, known as bubonic plague
    • Untreated patients can experience septic shock and ultimately death
    • Mortality rates vary from 50% for regular plague to 100% for pneumonic plague
    • Streptomycin is the drug of choice for treatment

    Yersinia Species

    • Found in wild rodents and capable of spreading to humans and other mammals
    • Historically known as the "Black Death"
    • Has the potential to be used as a biological weapon

    Y.Enterocolitis and pseudotuberculosis

    • Cause diarrheal disease in humans
    • Identified as non-lactose fermenting, urease positive, and oxidase negative bacteria
    • Can grow at low temperatures (4 degrees Celsius)
    • Utilize a specific growth medium called Yersinia selective agar

    Haemophilus Influenzae type B

    • Possesses an antiphagocytic capsule, which is a major factor in its virulence
    • Antigen B is a key virulence factor for humans
    • Polyribose phosphate is another important virulence factor
    • Causes a range of infections, including non-invasive infections (otitis media, sinusitis, pharyngitis) and invasive infections (pneumonia, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis)

    Haemophilus

    • Small, pleomorphic bacteria
    • Requires specialized growth conditions, specifically enriched chocolate agar
    • Dependent on two essential growth factors, "X" (heme) and "V" (nicotinamide-adeninedicucleotide)
    • Present in the normal respiratory flora
    • Can cause diverse diseases

    Pasturella multocida

    • Primarily an animal pathogen, but can infect humans (zoonotic).
    • Transmitted through animal bites.
    • Causes cellulitis in humans.
    • Gram-negative coccobacilli shaped bacteria.
    • Suspect in skin infections related to cats and dogs.
    • Treated with Augmentin.

    Plague

    • Incubation period is 2-7 days.
    • Symptoms include: high fever and painful swollen lymph nodes.
    • Bubonic plague is the most common form.
    • Untreated patients can develop septic shock and die.
    • Mortality rates vary:
      • Regular plague: ~50% mortality
      • Pneumonic plague: ~100% mortality
    • Streptomycin is the primary treatment.

    Yersinia species

    • Found in wild rodents.
    • Transmissible to humans and other mammals.
    • Historically known as the "Black Death".
    • Can be used as a biological weapon.

    Yersinia enterocolitis and pseudotuberculosis

    • Cause diarrheal disease in humans.
    • Non-lactose fermenting bacteria.
    • Produce urease.
    • Do not produce oxidase.
    • Grow at low temperatures (4 degrees Celsius).
    • Can be cultivated on Yersinia Selective Agar.

    Haemophilus influenzae type B

    • Produces an antiphagocytic capsule, protecting it from immune cells.
    • Antigen B is a major virulence factor in humans, contributing to disease severity.
    • Polyribose phosphate is another major virulence factor.
    • Causes a wide range of infections:
      • Non-invasive infections:
        • Otitis media (ear infection)
        • Sinusitis (inflammation of sinuses)
        • Pharyngitis (sore throat)
      • Invasive infections:
        • Pneumonia (lung infection)
        • Septic arthritis (joint infection)
        • Osteomyelitis (bone infection)

    Haemophilus

    • Small bacteria with varying shapes (pleomorphic).
    • Requires enriched chocolate agar for growth (no chocolate).
    • Needs X (Heme) and V (Nicotinamide-adeninedicucleotide) factors, which are essential for its growth.
    • Part of the normal respiratory flora, found in the respiratory tract of many people.
    • Can cause a wide range of diseases.

    Pasturella multocida

    • Primarily infects animals but can be transmitted to humans (zoonotic)
    • Causes cellulitis through animal bites
    • Gram-negative coccobacilli
    • Suspect in skin infections associated with cats and dogs
    • Treated with Augmentin

    Plague

    • Has an incubation period of 2-7 days
    • Symptoms include high fever and painful swollen lymph nodes
    • Bubonic plague is a form of the disease
    • Untreated patients can develop septic shock and die
    • Plague has high mortality rates:
      • Regular plague: ~50%
      • Pneumonic plague: ~100%
    • Streptomycin is the drug of choice for treatment

    Yersinia species

    • Infects wild rodents and can be transmitted to humans and other mammals
    • Historically known as the "black death"
    • Can be utilized as a biological weapon

    Y. Enterocolitis and pseudotuberculosis

    • Cause diarrheal disease in humans
    • Do not ferment lactose
    • Positive for urease
    • Negative for oxidase
    • Grow at 4 degrees Celsius
    • Can be cultured on Yersinia selective agar

    Haemophilus Influenzae type B

    • Contains an antiphagocytic capsule
    • Antigen B is a major virulence factor in humans
    • Polyribose phosphate of H influenzae is its primary virulence factor
    • Causes non-invasive infections like:
      • Otitis media
      • Sinusitis
      • Pharyngitis
    • Also causes invasive infections like:
      • Pneumonia
      • Septic arthritis
      • Osteomyelitis

    Haemophilus

    • Small and pleomorphic bacteria
    • Requires enriched chocolate agar for growth (no chocolate)
    • Needs X (Heme) and V (Nicotinamide-adeninedicucleotide) factors for growth
    • Found in normal respiratory flora
    • Can cause a variety of diseases

    Pasturella multocida

    • Primarily an animal pathogen that can be transmitted to humans (zoonotic)
    • Causes cellulitis through animal bites
    • Gram-negative coccobacilli (rod-shaped bacteria)
    • Suspect in skin infections related to cats and dogs
    • Treatment: Augmentin (an antibiotic)

    Plague

    • Incubation period: 2-7 days
    • Symptoms: High fever, pain in swollen lymph nodes (bubonic plague)
    • Untreated patients can experience septic shock and death
    • Mortality rates:
      • Regular plague: ~50%
      • Pneumonic plague: ~100%
    • Drug of choice: Streptomycin (an antibiotic)

    Yersinia species

    • Infection of wild rodents that can be transmitted to humans and other mammals
    • Known as the "black death"
    • Can be used as a biological weapon

    Y. Enterocolitis and pseudotuberculosis

    • Cause diarrheal disease in humans
    • Do not ferment lactose
    • Produce urease (an enzyme)
    • Do not produce oxidase (an enzyme)
    • Grow at 4 degrees Celsius (cold temperatures)
    • Can be grown on Yersinia selective agar (a specific culture medium)

    Haemophilus Influenzae Type B

    • Has an antiphagocytic capsule (prevents being engulfed by immune cells)
    • Antigen B is a major virulence factor in humans
    • Polyribose phosphate is its major virulence factor
    • Can cause:
      • Non-invasive infections:
        • Otitis media (ear infection)
        • Sinusitis (sinus infection)
        • Pharyngitis (sore throat)
      • Invasive infections:
        • Pneumonia (lung infection)
        • Septic arthritis (joint infection)
        • Osteomyelitis (bone infection)

    Haemophilus

    • Small, pleomorphic bacteria (variable shapes)
    • Requires enriched chocolate agar for growth (no chocolate)
    • Needs X factor (Heme) and V factor (NAD) for growth
    • Found in normal respiratory flora
    • Can cause a wide array of diseases

    Pasturella multocida

    • Primarily found in animals, can be transmitted to humans
    • Causes cellulitis through animal bites
    • Gram-negative coccobacilli
    • Suspect in skin infections related to cats and dogs
    • Treatment: Augmentin

    Plague

    • Incubation period: 2-7 days
    • Symptoms: High fever, swollen lymph nodes
    • Bubonic plague
    • Septic shock possible in untreated cases
    • Death can occur without treatment
    • Mortality rates:
      • Regular plague: ~50%
      • Pneumonic plague: ~100%
    • Streptomycin is the drug of choice

    Yersinia species

    • Infectious agent originating from wild rodents
    • Transmissible to humans and other mammals
    • Known as the "black death"
    • Potential biological weapon

    Y.Enterocolitis and pseudotuberculosis

    • Responsible for diarrheal disease in humans
    • Non-lactose fermenting
    • Urease positive
    • Oxidase negative
    • Grows at 4 degrees Celsius
    • Yersinia selective agar provides a suitable growth medium

    Haemophilus Influenzae type B

    • Possesses an antiphagocytic capsule for protection
    • Antigen B is a key virulence factor in humans
    • Polyribose phosphate of H influenzae contributes to its virulence
    • Non-invasive infections:
      • Otitis media
      • Sinusitis
      • Pharyngitis
    • Invasive infections:
      • Pneumonia
      • Septic arthritis
      • Osteomyelitis

    Haemophilus

    • Small bacteria, variable in shape
    • Requires enriched chocolate agar for growth
    • Depends on X (Heme) and V (Nicotinamide-adeninedicucleotide) factors for survival
    • Found in the normal respiratory flora
    • Capable of causing a wide range of diseases

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    Description

    This quiz covers key information on various bacterial infections, including Pasturella multocida, plague, and Yersinia species. It explores their characteristics, transmission, symptoms, and treatment options. Test your knowledge on zoonotic diseases and their impact on human health.

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