Bacterial Infection Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is a bacterial infection?

It is the invasion of the body by pathogenic bacteria and the development of pathological changes

What are the routes of exogenous infection?

  • Skin and mucus membrane contact
  • Inhalation
  • Ingestion
  • All of the above (correct)

Which of the following are examples of bacteria that are normally present in the body?

  • Streptococcus viridans
  • Pneumococci
  • E. coli
  • All of the above (correct)

Which of the following is an effect of infection?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is toxemia?

<p>It is the circulation of bacterial toxins in the blood causing pathological &amp; clinical manifestation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bacteria produces exotoxins?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What releases endotoxins?

<p>Dead gram negative bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a manifestation of bacterial infection?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bacteremia is the transient presence of a large number of bacteria in the bloodstream with toxic manifestations.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when bacteria enter the blood from a septic focus?

<p>tonsillitis, sinusitis, extraction of tooth</p> Signup and view all the answers

In bacteremia, bacteria are phagocytosed by the reticulo-endothelial system.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a pyogenic bacteria?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is a symptom of septicemia?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes sapraemia?

<p>the action of saprophytic bacteria on necrotic tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Bacterial Infection

Invasion of the body by pathogenic bacteria causing changes.

Exogenous Infection

Infection from external sources like environment or carriers.

Endogenous Infection

Infection from bacteria normally present in the body.

Routes of Infection

Ways bacteria enter the body, like skin contact or inhalation.

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Inflammation

Body's response to infection characterized by redness and swelling.

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Toxemia

Circulation of bacterial toxins in the blood causing symptoms.

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Exotoxins

Toxins produced by live gram-positive bacteria.

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Endotoxins

Toxins from the bodies of dead gram-negative bacteria.

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Manifestations of Infection

Symptoms include fever, weakness, and organ degeneration.

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Bacteraemia

Transient presence of bacteria in the bloodstream without toxicity.

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Septicemia

Circulation of large numbers of virulent bacteria in the blood.

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Causative Organisms

Bacteria responsible for infections like Streptococci, Staphylococci.

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Effect of Bacteraemia

Bacteria are often removed by the immune system; may cause lesions.

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Effect of Septicemia

Results in red cell hemolysis, anemia, and organ degeneration.

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Pyaemia

Circulation of septic emboli leading to abscesses in organs.

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Sapraemia

Presence of toxic metabolites from saprophytic bacteria in blood.

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Pathological Picture

Visible symptoms in organs include abscesses and degeneration.

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Anaemia from Infection

Reduced red blood cells due to infection-related effects.

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Necrosis

Death of tissue often observed in severe bacterial infections.

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Hemolysis

Destruction of red blood cells leading to anemia.

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Leukocytosis

Increased white blood cells as a response to infection.

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Leucopenia

Decrease in white blood cells, often due to toxemia.

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Capillary Destruction

Damage to small blood vessels resulting in petechial hemorrhages.

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Acute Bacterial Endocarditis

Infection of the heart lining, can be severe and fatal.

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Multiple Small Abscesses

Presence of several pus-filled cavities in infected organs.

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Defense Mechanisms of the Body

Natural responses that protect against infections.

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Significance of Adrenal Gland Integrity

Importance of healthy adrenal glands in infection response.

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Tissue Degeneration

Damage or decline in function of body tissues due to infection.

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Circulation of Toxins

Movement of harmful substances in the bloodstream affecting health.

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Septic Focus

Initial site of infection allowing bacteria to enter the bloodstream.

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Study Notes

Bacterial Infection

  • Bacterial infection is the invasion of the body by pathogenic bacteria, leading to pathological changes.
  • Exogenous infections originate from the environment or infected individuals.
    • Routes of infection include skin/mucus membrane contact, inhalation, and ingestion.
  • Endogenous infections are caused by bacteria normally present in the body, such as Streptococcus viridans, Pneumococci, and E. coli. These infections occur when the body's defense mechanisms are overwhelmed.

Effects of Infection

  • Inflammation: A reaction to tissue damage.
  • Toxemia: The presence of bacterial toxins in the blood, causing pathological and clinical symptoms.
  • Bacteremia: Bacteria in the blood, without significant toxic manifestations.
  • Septicemia: The circulation and multiplication of virulent bacteria and their toxins in the blood, a highly fatal condition.
  • Sapremia: The presence of toxic metabolites in the bloodstream from the breakdown of necrotic tissue by saprophytic bacteria. This often occurs in gangrene.

Types of Bacterial Toxins

  • Exotoxins: Produced by gram-positive bacteria, such as Diphtheria bacilli, Shigella, Streptococci, and Staphylococci.
  • Endotoxins: Released from the bodies of dead gram-negative bacteria, like Typhoid bacilli.

Manifestations of Bacterial Infection

  • Symptoms of infection may include fever, headache, weakness, and increased metabolic rate.
  • Damage may occur to organs such as the heart, kidney, liver, and adrenal cortex.
  • Other signs include anemia, bone marrow depression, necrosis, hemorrhage, and swelling of the spleen. Adrenal cortex necrosis is often a fatal consequence.

Bacteraemia

  • Transient presence of a small number of bacteria in the bloodstream, without significant toxic effects.
  • Bacteria typically enter the blood from an infection site, such as tonsillitis, sinusitis, or a tooth extraction.
  • The body's reticulo-endothelial system often phagocytoses the bacteria. Locally, they can cause lesions like osteomyelitis or subacute bacterial endocarditis.

Septicemia

  • The circulation and multiplication of a large number of virulent bacteria and their toxins in the blood.
  • This condition is highly fatal.

Pyaemia

  • Circulation of septic emboli (blood clots) in the bloodstream.
  • Emboli lodge in various organs, causing small abscesses.
  • Has a high mortality rate.
  • Pyogenic bacteria, notably Staphylococcus, are commonly implicated.

Pathological Picture

  • Affected organs can show multiple small abscesses (lung, kidney, liver, brain).
  • Toxemia leads to organ degeneration.
  • Leukocytosis (increased white blood cells) may indicate infection, while leukopenia (decreased white blood cells) is more often a result of toxemia.

Causative Organisms

  • Pyogenic bacteria (e.g., Streptococci, Staphylococci, Pneumococci)
  • Bacilli (e.g., Bacillus proteus, Bacillus anthrax, Bacillus pestis)

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Bacterial Infection PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on bacterial infections, including their origins, symptoms, and effects on the body. Explore the distinction between exogenous and endogenous infections, as well as the implications of toxemia and septicemia. This quiz covers key concepts related to pathogenic bacteria and their impact on health.

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