Bacterial Growth Temperature Ranges Quiz

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What is the optimum temperature range for the growth of bacteria mentioned in the text?

50°C to 70°C

At what temperature does growth of some bacteria occur, as mentioned in the text?

80°C

What type of bacteria are mainly spore formers and are important in the food industry, especially in processed foods?

Bacteria with optimum temperatures above 80°C

What is the term used for the temperature at which a bacterial species grows best?

Optimum growth temperature Signup and view all the answers

Above what temperature do most bacteria stop growing, according to the text?

60°C Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended core temperature and duration for cooking food to kill bacteria?

75°C for at least 15 seconds Signup and view all the answers

How can poor handling of fresh produce impact its quality?

Poor handling can damage fresh produce, making it susceptible to spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms. Signup and view all the answers

What is one consequence of the presence of cut and damaged surfaces on produce?

It provides opportunities for contamination and growth of microorganisms, leading to spoilage. Signup and view all the answers

Why is washing vegetables important during post-harvest treatment?

Washing removes adhering soil and dirt, reducing the microbiological load of raw fruits and vegetables. Signup and view all the answers

Give examples of microbial contamination through washing.

Contamination of tomatoes with Salmonella javania and parsley with Shigella sonnei. Signup and view all the answers

What is challenging about washing and decontaminating ready-to-eat fruits and vegetables?

Effective washing and decontamination is difficult for all commodities, and not all lend themselves to being washed. Signup and view all the answers

Why is recycling of water used in washing necessary?

Recycling may be necessary to conserve water resources, but purification of the water is difficult due to high organic loading. Signup and view all the answers

Define water activity in the context of food microbiology.

Water activity is defined as the ratio of the vapor pressure of the air in equilibrium with a substance or solution to the vapor pressure of pure water. Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of lack of free water on the growth of microorganisms?

Microorganisms will not grow if there is a lack of free water. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the concept of osmotic pressure and its effect on microbial growth.

Osmotic pressure depends on the surrounding solute concentration and water availability. Environments with dissolved substances can exert osmotic pressure. Signup and view all the answers

Describe what happens in hyperosmotic environments in terms of cell water loss.

In hyperosmotic environments, cells lose water and undergo plasmolysis (shrinking of the cell). Signup and view all the answers

How does salting and drying affect the water activity of a food product?

Salting and drying reduce the water activity of a food product. Signup and view all the answers

What is the water activity of a saturated salt solution?

A saturated salt solution has a water activity of 0.75. Signup and view all the answers

How can the yolk of an egg be contaminated before it is laid?

If a hen's reproductive organs are infected. Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of contamination in production related to irrigation?

Spraying fields with contaminated water for irrigation. Signup and view all the answers

How can fish in tropical reefs acquire toxins?

From the smaller sea creatures they eat. Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in processing animals?

Slaughter. Signup and view all the answers

What can happen if contaminated water or ice is used during washing, packing, or chilling of fruits or vegetables?

Contamination can spread to those items. Signup and view all the answers

How can germs from an animal's hide get into the final meat product during the slaughter process?

Germs from the animal's intestines. Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential risk associated with using water from sewage plants for agricultural purposes?

Risk of contaminating the crop Signup and view all the answers

Which countries have implemented the recycling of water for agricultural purposes?

Australia, Germany, Israel, Spain, The Netherlands, US Signup and view all the answers

What is the key factor determining the safety of treated sewage water for agricultural use?

Efficiency and reliability of treatments to inactivate pathogens Signup and view all the answers

What are examples of organic fertilizers commonly used in agriculture?

Sewage, manure, slurry, sludge, compost of human and animal origin Signup and view all the answers

Which pathogens can be found in the intestinal tract of various animals that pose a risk to human health?

Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia, E.coli, Campylobacter Signup and view all the answers

How can the occurrence of foodborne pathogens on fruits and vegetables be reduced?

Increasing the delay between the application of organic fertilizers and harvest Signup and view all the answers