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Questions and Answers
What is the optimum temperature range for the growth of bacteria mentioned in the text?
What is the optimum temperature range for the growth of bacteria mentioned in the text?
50°C to 70°C
At what temperature does growth of some bacteria occur, as mentioned in the text?
At what temperature does growth of some bacteria occur, as mentioned in the text?
80°C
What type of bacteria are mainly spore formers and are important in the food industry, especially in processed foods?
What type of bacteria are mainly spore formers and are important in the food industry, especially in processed foods?
Bacteria with optimum temperatures above 80°C
What is the term used for the temperature at which a bacterial species grows best?
What is the term used for the temperature at which a bacterial species grows best?
Above what temperature do most bacteria stop growing, according to the text?
Above what temperature do most bacteria stop growing, according to the text?
What is the recommended core temperature and duration for cooking food to kill bacteria?
What is the recommended core temperature and duration for cooking food to kill bacteria?
How can poor handling of fresh produce impact its quality?
How can poor handling of fresh produce impact its quality?
What is one consequence of the presence of cut and damaged surfaces on produce?
What is one consequence of the presence of cut and damaged surfaces on produce?
Why is washing vegetables important during post-harvest treatment?
Why is washing vegetables important during post-harvest treatment?
Give examples of microbial contamination through washing.
Give examples of microbial contamination through washing.
What is challenging about washing and decontaminating ready-to-eat fruits and vegetables?
What is challenging about washing and decontaminating ready-to-eat fruits and vegetables?
Why is recycling of water used in washing necessary?
Why is recycling of water used in washing necessary?
Define water activity in the context of food microbiology.
Define water activity in the context of food microbiology.
What is the impact of lack of free water on the growth of microorganisms?
What is the impact of lack of free water on the growth of microorganisms?
Explain the concept of osmotic pressure and its effect on microbial growth.
Explain the concept of osmotic pressure and its effect on microbial growth.
Describe what happens in hyperosmotic environments in terms of cell water loss.
Describe what happens in hyperosmotic environments in terms of cell water loss.
How does salting and drying affect the water activity of a food product?
How does salting and drying affect the water activity of a food product?
What is the water activity of a saturated salt solution?
What is the water activity of a saturated salt solution?
How can the yolk of an egg be contaminated before it is laid?
How can the yolk of an egg be contaminated before it is laid?
What is an example of contamination in production related to irrigation?
What is an example of contamination in production related to irrigation?
How can fish in tropical reefs acquire toxins?
How can fish in tropical reefs acquire toxins?
What is the first step in processing animals?
What is the first step in processing animals?
What can happen if contaminated water or ice is used during washing, packing, or chilling of fruits or vegetables?
What can happen if contaminated water or ice is used during washing, packing, or chilling of fruits or vegetables?
How can germs from an animal's hide get into the final meat product during the slaughter process?
How can germs from an animal's hide get into the final meat product during the slaughter process?
What is the potential risk associated with using water from sewage plants for agricultural purposes?
What is the potential risk associated with using water from sewage plants for agricultural purposes?
Which countries have implemented the recycling of water for agricultural purposes?
Which countries have implemented the recycling of water for agricultural purposes?
What is the key factor determining the safety of treated sewage water for agricultural use?
What is the key factor determining the safety of treated sewage water for agricultural use?
What are examples of organic fertilizers commonly used in agriculture?
What are examples of organic fertilizers commonly used in agriculture?
Which pathogens can be found in the intestinal tract of various animals that pose a risk to human health?
Which pathogens can be found in the intestinal tract of various animals that pose a risk to human health?
How can the occurrence of foodborne pathogens on fruits and vegetables be reduced?
How can the occurrence of foodborne pathogens on fruits and vegetables be reduced?
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