Bacterial Genetics and Cell Structure Quiz

<p>Flagella allow bacteria to move toward nutrients. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can carry foreign DNA into host cells. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Streptococcus pneumoniae (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The organism must be present in every case of the disease. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacterial components for vaccine development (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Streptococcus mutans (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cytoplasmic membrane, cell wall, and possibly an outer membrane. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Streptococcus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lactobacillus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Porphyromonas gingivalis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aerotolerant anaerobe (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Binary fission (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Every 9.8 minutes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Solid growth media (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To isolate specific organisms using nutrient variations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microaerophilic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chromosome replication (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stirred liquid media (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High biosynthesis rates are registered. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metabolic activity is minimized and non-essential proteins are consumed. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They enhance nutrient supply and provide environmental protection. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polysaccharides (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Syntrophy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Staphylococcus aureus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lipoteichoic acids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shape and protection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Capsule (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gram-negative bacteria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flow of materials in and out of the cell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It houses strands of chromosomal DNA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peptidoglycan synthesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gram-positive bacteria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conjugation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fermentation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Translation of genetic code into proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacterial ribosomes are never bound to other organelles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When actively growing cells exhaust nutrients (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Using an organic compound as a carbon and energy source (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To assist in attachment to surfaces (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can remain dormant for hundreds of years (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phototrophy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

These bacteria are commonly found on the skin, particularly in the areas with hair follicles. They are generally harmless and cause no problems.

These bacteria are part of the normal flora of the mouth and throat, often associated with dental plaque.

This species is often associated with dental cavities. Like a tiny party on your teeth.

This species is known to play a role in gingivitis, hence being found in the gingival crevices. It's the guest that's always making a mess.

This is a strict anaerobic bacterium that often contributes to gum disease, living in gingivitis crevices.

These are a group of bacteria that thrive in the throat and are often associated with other infections like strep throat.

These are a group of bacteria that are commonly found in the throat and are also responsible for many respiratory infections.

This bacterium is commonly found in the throat and can cause a variety of infections, including meningitis.

A single, continuous strand of DNA that holds all the genetic instructions for bacterial cell division.

Small, circular pieces of DNA that replicate independently of the chromosome.

A process by which bacteria transfer genetic material, commonly by forming a tube-like structure called a pilus.

Hair-like structures made of protein that provide bacteria with the ability to move.

A type of bacterial locomotion where the flagella beat in a propeller-like motion to help the bacterium move towards nutrients, away from toxins, or towards light in the case of photosynthetic bacteria.

A protective layer found outside some bacteria, composed of polysaccharides. It helps the bacteria avoid drying out and being engulfed by immune cells.

A rigid structure that surrounds the bacterial cell, made of peptidoglycan. It gives the cell its shape, provides protection, and helps anchor appendages like pili and flagella.

A unique component of bacterial cell walls, it's a complex polymer that provides structural integrity and is a target for antibiotics like penicillin.

Bacteria that have a thick peptidoglycan layer and stain purple in the Gram stain. They lack an outer membrane.

Bacteria with a thin peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane. They stain pink in the Gram stain.

A semi-permeable membrane that encloses the cytoplasm of the bacterial cell. It regulates the passage of molecules in and out of the cell.

The gel-like substance inside the bacterial cell where the cell's essential functions occur, including growth, metabolism, and replication.

A region within the bacterial cell that contains the DNA, but is not enclosed by a membrane. It's where the cell's genetic information resides.

A period of slow growth where bacteria synthesize proteins needed for rapid growth.

A period of rapid growth where bacteria utilize nutrients at their maximum rate until nutrients are depleted.

A phase where bacterial growth slows down due to depleted nutrients. Bacteria decrease their metabolic activity and consume non-essential components.

The final phase where bacteria die due to lack of resources and the accumulation of waste products.

A phenomenon where one species of bacteria benefits from the metabolic byproducts of another species, leading to a symbiotic relationship.

Hair-like structures that extend from the surface of some bacteria. They help bacteria attach to surfaces and host cells.

Ribosomes are tiny structures within bacteria that are responsible for building proteins. They are crucial for all cellular functions.

A dormant, highly resistant form of some bacteria. They are extremely durable against harsh conditions and can survive for years.

The sum of all the chemical processes happening inside a living organism. It includes how they obtain energy, grow and eliminate waste.

Organisms obtain carbon and energy from organic compounds like sugars. Many bacteria and animals are heterotrophs.

Organisms derive energy from inorganic compounds like sulfur or nitrogen. Examples include Nitrobacter and Sulfolobulus.

Organisms use light as an energy source to create ATP. Examples include Cyanobacteria.

Organisms can fix and use carbon dioxide as their primary carbon source, often through photosynthesis. Examples include photosynthetic bacteria.

The complete breakdown of a substrate using an external electron acceptor, releasing energy.

Bacteria that can survive in the presence of oxygen but prefer to grow in an oxygen-free environment

Bacteria that require or prefer a reduced oxygen environment (lower than the normal atmospheric level).

Bacteria that require or prefer increased carbon dioxide levels in their environment.

The process of bacterial cell division, where one cell splits into two identical daughter cells.

A solid medium used to isolate specific bacterial strains by allowing each bacterium to grow into a distinct colony.

A liquid medium used to grow large volumes of bacteria, especially when measuring their growth is important.

A type of growth medium used for identifying specific organisms by containing specific nutrients, deficiencies, or antibiotics.

Visible clusters of bacteria that have grown from a single cell on a solid medium.