Microbial Genetics Quiz

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What is the outcome when a combination of smooth and rough bacteria is injected into a mouse?

The mouse dies (correct)

The mouse remains unaffected

The mouse becomes immune to bacterial infections

The smooth bacteria transforms into a harmless strain

Which of the following is NOT a component of a nucleotide?

Phosphate group

Nitrogenous base

4-carbon sugar (correct)

5-carbon sugar

What is the characteristic that distinguishes purines from pyrimidines?

Number of carbon rings (correct)

Presence of nitrogen

Type of sugar molecule

Number of glycosidic bonds

In a purine, which atom of the nitrogenous base is bonded to the sugar molecule via a glycosidic bond?

N9 Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of sugar found in RNA?

Ribose Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of transformation in bacteria?

To acquire new genetic markers Signup and view all the answers

What is the carbon on the sugar molecule attached to the nitrogenous base called?

1' Signup and view all the answers

How do adenine and thymine pair in DNA?

Using 2 hydrogen bonds Signup and view all the answers

How are the elements within a nitrogenous base numbered?

In numerical order only Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the molecule consisting of a sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group?

Nucleotide Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a correct example of a nucleotide?

Thymidynic Acid Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for the stronger bond between G and C compared to A and T?

G and C have three hydrogen bonds Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between DNA and RNA in terms of their structure?

DNA is double stranded, while RNA is single stranded Signup and view all the answers

How do guanine and cytosine pair in DNA?

Using 3 hydrogen bonds Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the leading and lagging strands in DNA replication?

The leading strand is continuous, while the lagging strand is discontinuous Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of helicase in DNA replication?

It unwinds the parental double stranded DNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the templet strand in DNA?

It guides the synthesis of mRNA via complementary base pairing Signup and view all the answers

How does a frameshift mutation affect the codon structure?

It adds or removes a base, altering the normal 3-base pair codon structure. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of the consequences of a missense mutation?

The amino acid changes from Leu to Pro. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct example of a base?

Adenine Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of DNA synthesis on the leading strand?

5'-3' Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for filling in gaps between Okazaki fragments?

Ligase Signup and view all the answers

What are the consequences of a nonsense mutation?

The sequence is prematurely terminated. Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a silent mutation?

No change in amino acid sequence Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a base is inserted into a codon?

The codon structure is altered, causing a frameshift mutation. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a correct example of a nucleoside?

Cytidine Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is correct in regards to polyadenylation within transcription?

Eukaryotes utilize polyadenylation at the 3’ end Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription?

Presence of introns Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct order of the Central Dogma?

DNA transcribed to RNA, then RNA translated to Protein. Signup and view all the answers