Bacterial Genetics and Cell Structure Quiz

<p>5 to 100 genes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Histones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gram-negative (pink) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clusters of cocci (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Klebsiella (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sufficient metabolites (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Two different species (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transformation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transduction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conjugation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mating cells of the same or closely related species (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows for the incorporation of free DNA. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows for the sharing of plasmids carrying resistance genes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is associated with the Black Death. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gram-negative bacilli (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cocci (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diplococci (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In chains (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their appearance and metabolic traits (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacteria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vibrios (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diplobacilli (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phototrophs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sarcina (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Binary fission (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are thin and flexible (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When conditions are unfavorable (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The number of dividing cells increases rapidly (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Grapelike clusters (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organic compounds alone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are capable of self-replication (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are known to live in very extreme environments. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cell membrane consisting of glycerol esters. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have multiple replication origins. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phytanyl-glycerol ethers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proteins involved in aerobic respiration. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacteria use formyl-methionine while Archaea use methionine. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are found alongside bacteria in various environments. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It contains peptidoglycan. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gram-negative (pink) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Binary fission (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cocci in clusters (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Two species (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are primarily rod-shaped and Gram-negative. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Paired rods that remain in pairs after division (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Staphylococci (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are thick and rigid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organisms arranged randomly in clusters (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Can change between different shapes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Curved or comma-shaped (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Streptococci (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sarcina (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transformation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transduction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cell-to-cell contact (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Horizontal gene transfer contributing to antibiotic resistance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It involves the uptake of naked DNA from the environment. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conjugation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacteriophage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conjugation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is time-consuming and involves washing and drying cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lag phase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Viable counts through pour plating (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nutrient depletion occurs and dead cells outnumber viable cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a rapid assessment method (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spores help microorganisms survive adverse conditions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Availability of nutrients and environmental conditions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The number of dead cells exceeds the number of viable cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ability to produce methane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phylum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Extreme heat (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Staphylococci (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Streptobacilli (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High salinity conditions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Binary fission (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Independent self-replicating circle of DNA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Archaea have phytanyl-glycerol ethers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both Bacteria and Archaea have circular chromosomes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unique RNA polymerase structure. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacteria are sensitive, Archaea are resistant. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacteria contain peptidoglycan, Archaea do not. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Production of bioethanol. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Most cannot be cultured outside their natural environments. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organisms that live in harsh environmental conditions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Spherical or nearly spherical shaped bacteria.

Rod-shaped bacteria, some of which form endospores.

Bacteria that have a curved or comma-shaped rod structure.

Thick, rigid, spiral-shaped bacteria.

Thin, flexible, spiral-shaped bacteria.

Pairs of cocci.

Chains of cocci.

Grapelike clusters of cocci, formed by random cell division.

Bacteria that have a rod-shaped appearance.

Bacteria that have a spherical or nearly spherical shape.

A process of cell division where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells.

A type of bacterial staining technique that differentiates bacteria based on their cell wall composition.

The process of dividing a cell into two daughter cells, which may or may not be equal in size.

The total genetic material of an organism, represented by its chromosomes.

A single DNA molecule containing genes and associated proteins (in eukaryotes) that carries genetic information.

A unit of DNA that codes for a specific trait or function within an organism.

A small, circular DNA molecule that replicates independently of the main chromosome. Often carries genes for antibiotic resistance or other traits.

A type of plasmid that can integrate itself into the main chromosome, and be duplicated with the chromosome during cell division.

The transfer of free DNA from one cell to another, occurring naturally in many bacterial species.

The transfer of bacterial DNA from a bacteriophage into another cell.

The transfer of genetic material during cell-to-cell contact, between mating cells of the same or closely related species.

A type of genetic transfer where a bacterial donor cell transfers genetic material to a recipient cell through direct contact.

The transfer of genetic material from one bacterium to another via a pilus.

The ability of bacteria to acquire resistance to antibiotics through genetic transfer mechanisms.

A deadly bacterial infection spread through flea bites, caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis.

A rod-shaped, Gram-negative bacterium responsible for the Black Death, transmitted through flea bites.

Organisms classified as prokaryotes that are often found in extreme environments such as hot springs or salty lakes.

These are genetic elements that can move between different bacteria, contributing to genetic diversity and potential adaptation.

The transfer of genetic material between bacteria through direct contact.

A type of horizontal gene transfer where bacteria take up free DNA from their environment.

A type of horizontal gene transfer where DNA is transferred between bacteria through bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria).

A branching diagram used to illustrate the evolutionary relationships between different organisms.

The study of the distribution and relationships of organisms over space and time.

The process by which organisms evolve to better suit their specific environment.

Describes the observable characteristics of an organism, including its size, shape, color, and metabolic processes.

Focuses on the chemical makeup of an organism, examining its components like proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates.

Deals with the genetic information of an organism, analyzing its DNA sequence and RNA transcripts.

Single-celled organisms that lack a true nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

A unique, complex sugar-based molecule found in bacterial cell walls.

A diverse group of prokaryotes that thrive in harsh environments like deep-sea vents and hot springs.

A process where one bacterial cell divides into two identical daughter cells.

Resistant structures formed by some bacteria under harsh conditions, providing protection and survival.