24 Questions
What is the primary function of the outer membrane in Gram-negative bacteria?
To act as a site for the attachment of O antigen and endotoxin
What is the main component of the inner leaflet of the outer membrane?
Phospholipid
What is the role of teichoic acid in Gram-positive bacteria?
It is the major surface antigen
What is the function of the cytoplasmic membrane in terms of respiration?
It is responsible for electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation
What is the role of the cell wall in maintaining the shape of bacteria?
It provides structural support to the cell
What is the function of the cell wall in relation to antibiotics?
It is the site of action for many antibiotics
What is the composition of the outer membrane in Gram-negative bacteria?
An asymmetrical bilayer with phospholipid and lipopolysaccharide
What is the function of the cell wall in relation to bacterial viruses?
It contains receptors for bacterial viruses
What is the main function of the capsule in bacteria?
To protect bacteria against phagocytosis and antibacterial agents
What is the composition of the capsular substance in streptococci?
A protein
How is the capsule demonstrated in a bacterial suspension?
By staining with india ink
What is the percentage of water in the bacterial cytoplasm?
80%
What is the shape of the bacterial nucleoid?
A closed circular thread
What is the function of the ribosome in bacteria?
To synthesize proteins
What is the characteristic of a plasmid?
It is a small circular DNA
What is the characteristic of inclusions in bacteria?
They are not essential or permanent structures
What is the primary component of Gram-positive bacterial cell walls?
Peptidoglycan
What is attached to the N-acetyl muramic acid subunit in peptidoglycan?
Tetra-peptide chains
What is the function of pentapeptide bridges in peptidoglycan?
To cross-link tetra-peptide chains
What is the percentage of peptidoglycan in Gram-negative bacterial cell walls?
5-10%
What is the composition of peptidoglycan?
N-acetyl muramic acid and N-acetyl glucosamine
What is the role of cross-linking in peptidoglycan?
To achieve the rigidity of the bacterial cell wall
What is the difference between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial cell walls?
Gram-positive cell walls have a thicker peptidoglycan layer
What is the component of the Gram-negative cell wall that is not present in Gram-positive cell walls?
Outer membrane
This quiz covers the components of the bacterial cell wall, including the peptidoglycan layer, lipoprotein, and outer membrane.
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