18 Questions
What can an injection of bacterial cell wall preparation into an animal often evoke?
Immunity against the bacteria
Which component of bacteria are bacterial antigens typically found in?
Cell wall
How does penicillin inhibit the growth of bacteria?
By interfering with peptidoglycan layer formation
What structural resemblance does penicillin have with the terminal dipeptide?
Terminal D-alanine
Why has penicillin been studied as an ideal antibiotic?
The cross-linking reaction it targets has no counterpart in animal metabolism
Which enzyme does penicillin react irreversibly with to inhibit bacterial growth?
Transpeptidase
What is the role of lactamase in bacterial cells?
Hydrolyses the lactame ring of penicillin
What is the function of lysozymes in bacterial cells?
Catalyze the hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds in the peptidoglycan layer
How does penicillin interfere with bacterial cells?
Prevents the cross-linking reaction of peptidoglycan strands
Which enzyme is responsible for destroying the ability of penicillin to interfere with peptidoglycan synthesis?
Lactamase
What is a key consequence of resistance to penicillin in bacterial pathogens?
Weakening of the cell wall structure
Where are lysozymes naturally found that contribute to their antibacterial action?
Egg white and human tears
Which type of bacteria retains the gram stain?
Gram positive bacteria
What is the main component of the cell wall of Gram negative bacteria?
Lipid bilayer
Which amino acid is part of the tetrapeptide attached to the lactic acid moiety of N-acetyl muramic acid?
D-glutamate
How are adjacent polysaccharide chains linked together in the bacterial cell wall?
By a pentapeptide made up of glycine units
What is the significance of the covalently cross-linked structure in the bacterial cell wall?
Makes the cell wall rigid and protective
How do antibiotics that target peptidoglycan synthesis affect bacterial cells?
They weaken the cell wall leading to cell lysis
This quiz covers the injection of bacterial cell walls into animals to produce bacterial disease symptoms, as well as the role of bacterial antigens in evoking immunity. It also discusses how antibiotics like penicillin inhibit bacterial growth by interfering with peptidoglycan layer formation.
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