Bacterial Cell Wall Injections and Antibiotics
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Questions and Answers

What can an injection of bacterial cell wall preparation into an animal often evoke?

  • Growth of bacteria
  • Production of antibiotics
  • Immunity against the bacteria (correct)
  • Symptoms of bacterial diseases
  • Which component of bacteria are bacterial antigens typically found in?

  • Cell membrane
  • Cytoplasm
  • Cell wall (correct)
  • Ribosomes
  • How does penicillin inhibit the growth of bacteria?

  • By interfering with DNA replication
  • By inhibiting protein synthesis
  • By interfering with peptidoglycan layer formation (correct)
  • By destroying the cell membrane
  • What structural resemblance does penicillin have with the terminal dipeptide?

    <p>Terminal D-alanine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why has penicillin been studied as an ideal antibiotic?

    <p>The cross-linking reaction it targets has no counterpart in animal metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme does penicillin react irreversibly with to inhibit bacterial growth?

    <p>Transpeptidase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of lactamase in bacterial cells?

    <p>Hydrolyses the lactame ring of penicillin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of lysozymes in bacterial cells?

    <p>Catalyze the hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds in the peptidoglycan layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does penicillin interfere with bacterial cells?

    <p>Prevents the cross-linking reaction of peptidoglycan strands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for destroying the ability of penicillin to interfere with peptidoglycan synthesis?

    <p>Lactamase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key consequence of resistance to penicillin in bacterial pathogens?

    <p>Weakening of the cell wall structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are lysozymes naturally found that contribute to their antibacterial action?

    <p>Egg white and human tears</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bacteria retains the gram stain?

    <p>Gram positive bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of the cell wall of Gram negative bacteria?

    <p>Lipid bilayer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid is part of the tetrapeptide attached to the lactic acid moiety of N-acetyl muramic acid?

    <p>D-glutamate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are adjacent polysaccharide chains linked together in the bacterial cell wall?

    <p>By a pentapeptide made up of glycine units</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the covalently cross-linked structure in the bacterial cell wall?

    <p>Makes the cell wall rigid and protective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do antibiotics that target peptidoglycan synthesis affect bacterial cells?

    <p>They weaken the cell wall leading to cell lysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

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