Microbiology_3_Bacterial Cell Structure

<p>Hydrophobic fatty acid tails pointing inward (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Approximately 90% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To transport ions across the membrane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lipid bilayer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monotrichous (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide structural shape and protect against osmotic lysis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gram-positive bacteria possess a thick cell wall with a single plasma membrane. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nucleus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A polymer of sugars and amino acids with alternating units of NAG and NAM (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can metabolize a wider range of substrates. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peritrichous (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transfer of DNA between two bacteria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Capsules are permanently organized, while slime layers are loosely formed. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nucleoid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0.6-10 Mbp vs. 3000 Mbp (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacterial ribosomes are targeted by antibiotics due to their structural differences. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plasmids can replicate independently within a host. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacillus and Clostridium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acts as a survival mechanism during adverse conditions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tube-like filaments that can lack septa (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They primarily infect prokaryotes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cells can remain attached after division (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cell membrane (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diplococcus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sarcina (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacillus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Streptobacilli (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rigid spiral structure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tetrads (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cubic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Aggregates of individual bacteria, forming visible clusters.

The overall shape and form of a bacterial cell, determined by its cell wall and internal structures.

Round-shaped bacteria, often arranged in various patterns like pairs, chains, or clusters.

Rod-shaped bacteria, varying in length and width, with some forming chains.

Spiral-shaped bacteria, with a rigid structure, contributing to the overall bacterium shape.

A pairing of two cocci bacteria.

A chain of cocci bacteria linked together.

A group of four cocci bacteria arranged in a square.

A major structural component of bacterial cells, primarily composed of peptidoglycan, providing shape and preventing osmotic lysis (bursting from internal pressure).

A classification of bacteria based on the structure of their cell wall and response to the Gram stain. Gram-positive bacteria have a single plasma membrane and a thick peptidoglycan layer, while Gram-negative bacteria have two membranes (inner and outer) with a thin layer of peptidoglycan.

A complex polymer found exclusively in bacterial cell walls, composed of sugar and amino acids. It provides structural support and contributes to the rigidity of the cell wall.

A specialized type of bacteria characterized by long, thin, flexible helical (spiral) shapes. Examples include Treponema pallidum, the bacterium responsible for syphilis.

A type of bacterial cell component involved in motility, allowing bacteria to move through their environment. It's a long, whip-like structure that spins, propelling the cell.

A rigid layer surrounding bacterial cells made up of peptidoglycan, which controls the passage of small particles (up to 2nm).

A significant difference in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria is the thickness of their peptidoglycan layer. This layer makes up 90% of the cell weight in Gram-positive bacteria and only 10% in Gram-negative bacteria.

The outermost layer of a bacterial cell, composed of a phospholipid bilayer, embedded proteins, and lipopolysaccharides (in Gram-negative bacteria). It plays a crucial role in regulating the passage of substances into and out of the cell.

The building blocks of the plasma membrane, consisting of a hydrophilic head (attracted to water) and a hydrophobic tail (repelled by water).

Membrane proteins are essential for various cellular functions including transport of ions and other molecules across the membrane. They can be integral, embedded in the phospholipid layer, or peripheral, loosely attached to the membrane surface.

A complex molecule found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. It is composed of three domains: O antigen, core antigen, and lipid A. It plays a vital role in the structural integrity of the cell but is also responsible for triggering immune responses.

The ability of bacteria to move using whip-like structures called flagella. The number and arrangement of flagella vary among species.

A single flagellum at one end of a bacterium.

A long, whip-like structure extending outward from the bacterial cell, powered by proton flow across the membrane.

Arrangement of flagella where multiple flagella are present at one end of the bacterium.

Arrangement of flagella where flagella are present at both ends of the bacterium.

Arrangement of flagella where multiple flagella are located all around the bacterium.

Short, hair-like protein appendages found on the surface of bacteria, involved in adhesion and conjugation.

A thick, protective layer of polysaccharide surrounding the bacterial cell, contributing to virulence and survival.

The main component of bacterial genetic material, containing a single, circular chromosome of DNA.

Small, circular pieces of DNA found independently in the cytoplasm of bacteria, often carrying genes for antibiotic resistance or virulence factors.

A dormant, resistant state of a bacterial cell, formed in response to adverse environmental conditions like nutrient scarcity. This state enhances survival by providing resistance to temperature extremes, pH changes, and chemicals.

A long, filamentous structure characteristic of some bacteria, often containing a continuous cytoplasm and separated by cross-walls called septa. These filaments can form a dense network called a mycelial mat.

They often form a long chain of cells and have a similar appearance to algae, although they are bacteria. Some cyanobacteria also fix nitrogen, making this a crucial process for life on earth.

Viruses that infect bacteria, acting as parasites to their host. They can be categorized by their structure and are used as models for studying viral mechanisms.

A crucial component of a virus. Typically composed of proteins, this coat protects the genetic material and facilitates attachment to host cells.